Impilo yengqondo eItali: siphi?

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Isibhengezo-

Uluntu lwale mihla, kunye nazo zonke iimfuno zalo, izibophelelo, isiphithiphithi kunye nemisebenzi, iye yaba yindawo yokuphuhlisa iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo yengqondo. Lo bhubhani wenze ukuba imeko ibe mbi ngakumbi.

Ubulolo obebulawula ngexesha lokuvalwa, uloyiko lokosulela, ukubandezeleka kwabo bangasekhoyo esibathandayo, ukungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho, ukuphazamiseka kwimikhwa yemihla ngemihla kunye nomthwalo wokuzingisa kwe-Covid kuzise ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ngaphambili.


Kungekudala, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uye wabhenela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ukuba athathe amanyathelo okuphucula ukunakekelwa kunye nokufikelela kwiinkonzo zengqondo, phambi kwento ecinga ngayo ubhubhani wezempilo yengqondo. Imeko yempilo yengqondo eItali ayahlukanga kakhulu. Ukubandezeleka ngokweemvakalelo kwakhula.

Imibutho elishumi yezenzululwazi yase-Italiya sele ivakalise i-alam, ebonisa ukuba akukho konakala okubonakalayo kuphela kwimpilo yengqondo, kodwa ilizwe likwanalo nobunzima ekuqinisekiseni ubuncinci beenkonzo. Ingxaki kukuba ukuba iinkonzo zengqondo nezengqondo azanelanga, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ungenelelo lwangethuba oluthintela abantu ukuba bathintele emazantsi ngokweemvakalelo.

Isibhengezo-

Impilo yengqondo iya isiba mandundu eItali

Ngokuka- Isalathiso seMpilo yengqondo eYurophu, I-Itali yaba lilizwe lesibini elichaphazeleka kakhulu kwinqanaba lezengqondo ngubhubhane, yodlulwa kuphela yi-UK. Ngexesha lokuvalelwa, i-88,6% yabemi ichaze iimpawu zoxinzelelo.

Uninzi lukwazile ukuchacha, kodwa ubunzima besibetho bubangele ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okutsha okanye ukonyusa ekwabakho ngaphambili: umzekelo, uphando olwenziwa yi-Istituto Superiore di Sanità kungekudala ngaphambi nasemva kokuba ukuvalwa kutyhile ukuba. iziganeko zeempawu zokudakumba zanda nge-5,3%, ezichaphazela phantse i-4 kwi-10 yamaTaliyane.

Ukungakhuseleki ngekamva, amaxhala emali, uloyiko kunye noxinzelelo kunokubangela ukuba abantu ababuthathaka ngokweemvakalelo bacinge ngokuzibulala. Idatha yokuqala evela kwiSebe lezeMpilo ibonisa ukuba abantu abangama-2020 bazibulala e-Italiya ngo-20.919, ukwanda kwe-3,7% xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka odlulileyo.

Lilonke, iimeko ezifunyaniswe zinexhala, uxinzelelo kunye nolunye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuqikelelwa ukuba zikhule nge-30% ukusukela kubhubhane. Ngo-2021 i-Itali yaba lilizwe lesixhenxe kwiManyano yaseYurophu ukuxhaphaka kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba ukuwohloka kwempilo yengqondo akusoloko kukhokelela ekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo ngolo hlobo. Ngamanye amaxesha izibonakalisa ngeendlela ezifihlakeleyo. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaninzi bayavuma ukuba baziva "badiniwe" emsebenzini. I-28% inobunzima bokugxila, i-20% iyavuma ukuba kuthatha ixesha elide ukugqiba umsebenzi wabo, kwaye i-15% ichaza iingxaki zokucinga, ukucinga okanye ukwenza izigqibo.

Ngelishwa, abantwana kunye nolutsha ngabona bachaphazelekayo. Ubhubhani uye wakhulisa ubuthathaka babo obufihlakeleyo, unciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka kule minyaka: ukuhlalisana. Ngoku njengoko imeko kaxakeka ibonakala iphelile, ezi ngxaki zivela ekukhanyeni, ngoko lixesha lokubuyisela amaqhekeza aphukileyo.

Uphononongo olwenziwe yiGurantor Authority for Childhood and Adolescence kunye neNational Institute of Health (ISS) lubonise ukuba kukho "'imeko engxamisekileyo yempilo yengqondo' ngenxa yokwanda okuqhubekayo kwezicelo ezivela kubantwana kule ndawo. Ngapha koko, iingcali ziye zaxela ukwanda kokuphazamiseka esele kufunyenwe kunye nokuqala kokuphazamiseka okutsha kwizifundo ezisesichengeni ".

I-Mental Health Observatory e-Italiyane iphinde yaqinisekisa enye into ekhathazayo: ukukhula kobundlobongela. Uhlalutyo lotshintsho lwengqondo oluqhubekayo kubantu aboyisileyo i-Covid lutyhila ukuba uvalo, ubundlongondlongo kunye nokucaphuka zixhaphakile emva kosulelo.

Ngokucacileyo lutshintsho lomntu ngamnye oluchaphazela umgangatho wentlalo, ngoko ke "Idatha yokuqala ibonisa ukuba ubundlobongela ngaphandle kwekhaya kunye nosapho lukhula kakhulu". Ngenxa yoko, ubhubhane unokusinika uluntu olunobundlobongela ngakumbi oluphawulwa lugonyamelo olukhulu lomntu.

Ukuxhalabisa ngakumbi impilo yengqondo e-Italiya, kodwa iinkonzo ezimbalwa

Uphando olwenziwe yi-Ipsos luveze ukuba iipesenti ezingama-54 zabantu base-Italiyane babona ukuwohloka kwempilo yabo yengqondo ngenxa yobhubhane. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba imbono yempilo yengqondo iyatshintsha, ikhupha iinkolelo zakudala.

Kwi-avareji, I-79% yamaTaliyane afaka ukubaluleka okulinganayo kwimpilo yabo yomzimba nengqondo. Ngaphezu koko, abangama-51 ekhulwini bayavuma ukuba basoloko becinga ngempilo-ntle yabo ngokweemvakalelo. Utyekelo lokuzikhathaza ngempilo yengqondo lukhulu phakathi kwabantu abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35, ngelixa abo bangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 bethanda ukuxhalaba kancinci malunga nokulingana kwabo ngokweemvakalelo.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwempilo yengqondo kwaye uyikhulule kuzo zonke iintlobo zokubekwa ibala ukuze abantu bafune uncedo ngaphambi kokuba iingxaki zibe mandundu. Kodwa kukwayimfuneko ukuba neenkonzo zenkxaso ezifanelekileyo.

Kufunyaniswe ukuba, ngelixa iingxaki zengqondo zisanda, iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo ziyehla, nto leyo ibingeyonto iphambili kanye ngaphambi kobhubhane. E-Itali kukho kuphela i-3,3 yeengcali zengqondo kubemi be-100.000 nganye, inani elixhalabisayo elifihla i-iceberg yokunqongophala kunye nokukhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo.

EYurophu, amazwe anengeniso efana ne-Italiya aneengcali zengqondo ezimalunga ne-10 kubemi abali-100.000 ngalinye kumagunya ezempilo karhulumente. Oku kuthetha ukuba batyala imali ngokuphindwe kathathu kune-Itali kwiinkonzo zempilo yengqondo yoluntu.

Ngqo, I-Italiya yabela kuphela i-3,5% yenkcitho yezempilo kwimpilo yengqondo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-12% yomndilili waseYurophu. Ngapha koko, i-20% yamaTaliyane ayaqonda ukuba anobunzima bokufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo yengqondo yoluntu.

Ibhonasi yePsychologist: Akukho mpilo ngaphandle kwempilo yengqondo

Il ibhonasi yesayikholoji yi "Igalelo lokuxhasa iindleko zeeseshoni ze-psychotherapy", ingxowa-mali yoncedo lwezengqondo ebonelelwe nguMyalelo woNcedo bis. UMphathiswa wezeMpilo ubonisa ukuba kuthetha "Xhasa iindleko zoncedo lwengqondo kwabo bathi, ngexesha elibuthathaka lobhubhani kunye nengxaki yezoqoqosho enxulumene noko, babone ukonyuka kweemeko zoxinzelelo, ixhala, uxinzelelo kunye nobuthathaka ngokwasengqondweni".

Isibhengezo-

Ngelixa ngokungathandabuzekiyo iyindlela eyaneleyo yokukhusela kunye nokukhathalela impilo yengqondo kwinqanaba elikhulu, inokunceda ubuncinci ukunciphisa iziphumo zengqondo ezishiywe ngubhubhane. Isicelo sinokungeniswa ngekhompyutha ukusuka kwi-25 kaJulayi ukuya kwi-24 Oktobha 2022, kwiwebhusayithi ye-INPS.

Olu ncedo lwenzelwe abantu abane-Isee engagqithiyo kwi-euro engamawaka angama-50, nokuba ibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zoncedo:

1. Nge-Isee engaphantsi kwe-15 lamawaka eeuro, ubuninzi bexabiso lenzuzo yi-euro ye-600 ngomxhamli ngamnye.

2. Nge-Isee phakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-30 yamawaka e-euro, isixa esiphezulu esisekiweyo yi-euro ye-400 kumxhamli ngamnye.

3. Nge-Isee ngaphezu kwe-30 lamawaka kwaye ingadluli kwi-euro eyi-50 lamawaka, isixa senzuzo silingana ne-200 ye-euro kumxhamli ngamnye.

Ngesabelo, i-INPS iya kwenza umgangatho oya kuthathela ingqalelo i-ISEE kodwa kunye nomyalelo wokufika kwezicelo. Ukuba ilungelo kwibhonasi ye-psychologist livunyiwe, igalelo linokuchithwa kwisixa ukuya kwi-euro ye-50 kwiseshoni nganye ye-psychotherapy, kwaye ihlawulwe ukuya kwisixa esiphezulu esinikezelweyo.

Umxhamli uya kufumana ikhowudi edibeneyo ekhethekileyo, ukuba ihanjiswe kwingcali apho iseshoni ye-psychotherapy ibanjwe. Isixa kufuneka sisetyenziswe kwixesha elide leentsuku ze-180 ukususela ekuvunyweni kwesicelo, emva komhla wokugqibela ikhowudi iya kucinywa.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba i-psychologist ephethe iiseshoni kufuneka ibhaliswe kwiRejista yee-Psychologists. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqiniseka ukuba unamava kwaye uqeqeshelwe umsebenzi. Ibhonasi yesayikholoji ingasetyenziswa kwiiseshoni ze-intanethi psychotherapy, umzekelo ngokusebenzisa Unobravo online inkonzo yezengqondo.

Umda:

UPetrella, F. (2022, Januwari) Impilo yengqondo: iimbono kunye nemibono ngokubaluleka okubangelwa ukuba sempilweni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ku: Ipsos.

Daniela Bianco et.al. (2021), Headway 2023 Mental Health Index Report. Ku: Indlu yaseYurophu i-Ambrosetti.

(2022), Pandemic, neurodevelopment kunye nempilo yengqondo yabantwana kunye nabantu abancinci. Kwi: Epicenter, Iziko eliPhezulu lezeMpilo.

Emanuela Medda et.al. (NgoFebruwari 2022), I-Covid-19 e-Italiya: Iimpawu zoxinzelelo kwangoko ngaphambi nasemva kokuvalwa kokuqala. Ku: Ithala leencwadi leSizwe leMayeza.

U-Elisa Manacorda (2021 Matshi), i-Covid: ukuzibulala ngokunyuka, ikhonkco kunye nobhubhane lufundwa alucaci. Kwi: kwiRiphabhlikhi.

(2022 Juni), i-WHO ilumkisa kwi-"desatención" ye-trastornos mentales i-nivel mundial. Kwi: Redacción Médica.

(2022 Epreli), i-Covid-19, impilo yengqondo kunye neendlela zokutya: iprojekthi #KUNGEKUDALA sikunye. Ku: Epicenter Istituto Superiore di Sanità.

UStefania Penzo (2022 May), Impilo yengqondo, e-Italiya kuphela i-psychologists ye-3 kubo bonke abantu abalikhulu lamawaka. Ku: Lifegate.

UNicola Barone (2022 May), Impilo yengqondo, kunye ne-Covid + i-30% yamatyala kodwa oogqirha abambalwa abambalwa. Yintoni ebuzwa ngoogqirha bengqondo. Kwi: Sole24ore.

(2022 Agasti), i-Covid: I-Mental Health Observatory, 'olona luntu lunobundlobongela kwi-post-bhubhane'.

Umnyango Impilo yengqondo eItali: siphi? yaqala ukupapashwa ngo Ikhonkco lePsychology.

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