Isimo sengqondo esibi sisithintelo ebomini kunye nokuqhekeka kuphuhliso lomntu, okanye sicinga njalo. Nangona kunjalo, izimo zengqondo ezingalunganga azimbi kangako njengezimo zengqondo ezilungileyo. Phakathi kweelebheli ezimbini kukho umhlaba otyebileyo nontsonkothileyo ongagqibi nje indlela esicinga ngayo kodwa neziphumo zazo.
Kuba izimo zengqondo ebomini zihlala ziyinto esityhalela kwelinye icala okanye kwelinye, ukuba sifuna ukukhusela eyethu ukulungelelana kwengqondo kwaye siphephe iingxaki ezininzi ezingeyomfuneko, kufuneka siqonde ukuba zeziphi izimo zengqondo kunye nendlela yokuzilawula ngokuchanekileyo.
Siyintoni kanye kanye isimo sengqondo?
Isimo sengqondo kukuqhelaniswa nobomi. Sisikhundla esisihambisa kwicala elinye okanye kwelinye kwaye simisela indlela esiziphatha ngayo. UDavid G. Myers uyicacisile loo nto "Isimo sisenzo sokuvavanya, esithandekayo okanye esingathandekiyo, kwinto ethile okanye komnye umntu, ezibonakalisa ngokukholelwa kwakhe, iimvakalelo okanye iinjongo zakhe".
Isiseko sesimo sengqondo kukuxabiseka kwethu okuyintloko, iinkolelo kunye nokujonga umhlaba, kwaye isimo sengqondo sisebenza njengamandla angaphakathi asenza ukuba sithathe amanyathelo. UCarl G. Jung wayikholelwa loo nto “Ukuba nesimo sengqondo kuthetha ukuthambekela kwinto ethile, nokuba ayazi; okuthetha ukuba neyona nto ibalulekileyo kutyekelo kwisiphelo esimiselweyo, simelwe okanye hayi ”. Oku kuthetha ukuba izimo zethu zengqondo zihlala zondla kakhulu kwixesha elidlulileyo kunangoku.
Ngale ndlela, uSolomon Ash wayeqinisekile ukuba "Isimo sinyamezeleka sisimo esenziwe ngamava angaphambili". Ke ngoko, imeko yesimo sengqondo iya kuba kukuziqhelanisa nekamva ngokusekwe kwinto ebesiyiphile kunye nezigqibo esizifumene kula mava. Kodwa njengoko ilizwe liguquka rhoqo kwaye oko bekusenzeka izolo kungasekho namhlanje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusoloko sijonga indlela esicinga ngayo ngokujonga amava amatsha kwaye sizibuze ukuba ingaba ilungile na, iluncedo kakhulu okanye ikrelekrele kakhulu .
Izimo zengqondo ezimbi azikho "ezimbi" njengoko sicinga
Uluhlu lwesimo sengqondo esibi esinokucinga ukuba alunakuphela. Umzekelo, isimo sengqondo sokungenzi nto sithathwa njengesibi kuba oko kuthetha ukungabikho kwenyathelo kunye nomsebenzi, iindlela ezimbini ezikhuthazwa luluntu lwethu.
Ukuphelelwa lithemba ngomnye umzekelo wesimo sengqondo esibi kuba, ithiyori, ikhokelela kumbono wehlabathi ongwevu. Isimo sengqondo esikhohlakeleyo sithathwa njengesibi kuba sibandakanya ukungakwazi ukuzibamba kwaye kunokubangela ukwenzakala kwabanye okanye nakuwe.
Kwangokunjalo, ukuba nomdla kudweliswa kungafuneki kuba kubandakanya ukubeka iimfuno zethu ngaphambi kwezabanye ngokuzingca. Endaweni yoko, uluntu lukhuthaza ukuzincama, lubone njengesimo esifanelekileyo nesinqwenelekayo kumalungu alo.
Kodwa nangona kungekho mathandabuzo ukuba izimo zengqondo ezinje ngethemba, ukungakhathali, ukuba ndlongondlongo okanye ukuzingca kunokuba yinto yokuqhekeka kuphuhliso lomntu, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ukusebenza kwengqondo kwezi zityholo "zokuziphatha gwenxa" kunzima kakhulu.
Uluntu lwaseNtshona lutyekele ekuqondeni izimo zengqondo njengee-antipode, izinto ezigabadeleyo ezichaseneyo kungekho ndawo ifanayo apho umntu anqweneleka kuqala kwaye omnye angathandeki. Kungenxa yoko le nto sihlala sibhekisa kwizimo zengqondo: nokuba siyasebenza okanye siyasebenza, okanye sinomdla okanye asinamdla, okanye sinesimo sengqondo esibi okanye esifanelekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, isimo sengqondo asinto imbi ngokwaso. Ngamanye amagama, isimo sengqondo sokungabi nathemba, esihlala sichazwa njenge- "negative", sinokulungiswa kwaye silungelelanise nakwimixholo ethile. AmaStoyike, umzekelo, axhasa isimo sengqondo esiza kuthi namhlanje sinethemba.
UMarcus Aurelius wabhala: "Qala usuku ngalunye ngokuthi kuwe: namhlanje ndiza kudibana nokuphazamiseka, ukungabi nambulelo, ukunyaniseka, ukunganyaniseki, ububi kunye nokuzingca ..." Kwezi filosofi, isimo sengqondo "esibi" sasisisitshixo ekulinganiseni ukulindela kwethu kunye nokwakha ukomelela.
Ke ngoko, izimo zengqondo ezingalunganga akufuneki "zilinganiswe" ngentambo yokuziphatha kodwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yazo; Oko kukuthi, ifuthe labo kubomi bethu. Ukusuka kolu luvo, isimo sengqondo esibi siba ngumthwalo, ngelixa isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo sisinceda ukuba soyise iingxaki okanye ungquzulwano kwaye sisincede sikhule njengabantu.
Ububi obuvela ngokulungileyo-kwaye ngokuchaseneyo
Uphononongo olwenziwe kwiYunivesithi yaseXiamen luveze ukuba amaxabiso entlalontle anje ngemeko yezobulungisa, ukunyaniseka, ukhathalelo, igunya kunye nobunyulu zivelisa ukwanda kokuziva uzothe kwaye zinokuphelisa isimo sengqondo esibi kubufanasini.
Yayingekuphela kophando olwafumanisa ukuba amaxabiso athile athathelwa ingqalelo njengolungileyo kunye nokwabelana ngokwasentlalweni anokuba yimbewu yesimo esibi kwamanye amaqela. Iingcali zengqondo ze KwiYunivesithi yasePortland State kufumaniseke ukuba ugxininiso kumaxabiso anje ngobuhle, ubudlelane bomzimba wengqondo, imveliso yomntu, impumelelo kunye nenqanaba loqoqosho kwezentlalo zingunobangela wesimo sengqondo esibi kubantu abakhubazekileyo.
Onke amaxabiso, kubandakanya nezo sizichonga njengezintle, ziphela zibangela iimvakalelo zokwemvelo zokuthanda nokungathandi, endaweni yovavanyo olubonakalisayo. Olu vavanyo lwe-visceral lungenza ukuba kusetyenziswe isimo sengqondo esibi kuyo yonke into engazihloniphiyo imigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu esiyenze ngaphakathi.
Endaweni yoko, uvavanyo olunomdla olwenziwe kwiDyunivesithi yaseMzantsi Florida lusibonisa imisebenzi elungileyo yesimo sengqondo esibi. Ezi ngcali zengqondo zifumanise ukuba abafundi ababenezimvo ezimbi ngutitshala ongaziwayo benza uphando ngaye kwaye bamazi ngcono kunabo babenesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo kwasekuqaleni.
Oku kuthetha ukuba izimo zengqondo ezingalunganga, ukuba nje azikhoxekileyo, zinokusikhokelela ekufuneni ulwazi oluthe kratya kwaye singene koku kuvusa ukungathandi okanye ukukrokrela. Ngokuchasene noko, izimo zengqondo ezakhayo zinokuvelisa isenzo sokungakhathali kunye nokungathandeki, esikhokelele ekubeni samkele oko kuthiwe kulungile.
Kwangokunjalo, aba baphandi bafumanise ukuba izimo zengqondo ezingalunganga malunga notitshala zinceda ukuzisa abafundi kunye kunye nokwenza ubudlelwane. Ngenxa yoko, izimo zengqondo ezingalunganga zikwanamandla okubopha.
Ungajongana njani ngokuzithemba nezimo zengqondo ezingalunganga?
Akukho sizathu sokugxeka "isimo sengqondo esibi" ukuba sisenza sizive sibi. Kwezinye iimeko, ezi meko zimbi zinokuchazwa kwaye zisebenze ngokulungelelanisiweyo. Ke ngoko, inyathelo lokuqala kukwamkela okwenzekileyo. L 'ulwamkelo olukhulu kusikhulula kwityala kwaye kusivumele ukuba sikhule. Into eyenziweyo yenziwe. Inyathelo elilandelayo kukuqinisekisa ukuba ayenzeki kwakhona.
Ukufumanisa ukuba esi sisimo sengqondo esibi esifuna ukusiphelisa, kufuneka sivavanye iinkalo ezintathu:
1. Ubunzulu. Isimo sengqondo esinzulu sinciphisa iimpendulo zethu kwaye sikhokelele ekubeni sisabele ngokungekho ngqiqweni. Ke ngoko, nokuba sithini na isimo sengqondo, ukuba sisonyanzelo ngokukodwa, kufanelekile ukuba usiphonononge ukuze ufumanise ukuba ngawaphi amava avelisa impendulo ebonakalayo yokuthanda okanye ukungathandi. Ukuba asiyenzi loo nto, sinokuba ngamaxhoba ukuqweqwedisa ngokweemvakalelo.
2. Ukuziqhelanisa neemeko. Isimo sengqondo esibi sinokulungelelanisa phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Isimo esinoburharha ngakumbi, umzekelo, sinokusinceda sijongane nomntu ofuna ukusenzakalisa. Isimo sengqondo sokwenza umsebenzi sinokuzola umntu kwinqanaba lokuqhuma. Kungoko ke kungumbuzo wokushiya iilebheli "ezilungileyo" kunye "nokungalunganga" kusetyenziswa isicelo sokuqala ukuvavanya ukuba imeko ethile, kwimeko ethile, iyalungelelanisa okanye hayi.
3. Iziphumo. Zonke iindlela zokucinga zineziphumo, ezinye zilungile kwaye ezinye azibi. Ke ngoko, asinakulibala isandi esiveliswa sisimo esithile, kwabanye nakwiziqu zethu. Ngaba saziva singcono okanye sibi ngakumbi? Ngaba isimo sethu sengqondo siye sabakhathaza okanye sabanceda abanye?
Ukuba sithi isimo sengqondo sasingalunganga ngenxa yokuba ubungqongqo basoyisile, khange busincede ukusombulula ingxaki okanye iziphumo zayo zaba yintlekele, kufanelekile ukuba sitshintshe. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kuhlala kukho umda wengqondo wokuphucula isimo sengqondo.
Ukwenza oku, kuhlala kuninzi ukuzinika imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuba uphendule kwaye uzibuze: ngaba ndiphendula le nto yenzekayo okanye ndiyazivumela ukuba ndihanjiswe ngamava am adlulileyo? Xa impembelelo yokuqala iyekile, kufuneka sizibuze: sesiphi isimo sengqondo esisesona silungele ukujongana nale meko?
Kunokuba nzima ekuqaleni, kodwa ngokuziqhelanisa sinokuphuhlisa izimo zengqondo eziguqukayo ezisenza sizive ngcono kwaye zisincede sihambe kulwandle lobomi oluntsokothileyo kunye nezithintelo ezimbalwa.
Umda:
UWang, R. et. Al. (2019) Umbutho phakathi koKwenyanya ubuNkunkqele kunye nokujonga gwenxa malunga nobufanasini: Indima yokuPhakathi yeZiseko zokuziphatha. Iimida kwiSyychology; 10.3389.
I-Weaver, i-JR kunye neBosson, i-JK (2011) Ndiva ngathi ndiyakwazi: Ukwabelana ngesimo esibi sabanye kukhuthaza iimvakalelo zokuqhelana. Pers Soc Psychol Bull; 37 (4): 481-491.
I-Livneh, H. (1982) Kwimvelaphi yokujonga gwenxa abantu abakhubazekileyo. En I. Marini & MA Stebnicki (Eds.), Impembelelo yengqondo kunye nentlalo yokugula kunye nokukhubazeka (13-25). Inkampani yokushicilela i-Springer.
Umnyango Isimo sengqondo esibi, into ongazange uyixelelwe yaqala ukupapashwa ngo Ikhonkco lePsychology.
