Chikhalidwe chamakono, ndi zosowa zake zonse, kudzipereka, chipwirikiti ndi ntchito, zakhala malo oyambira mavuto osiyanasiyana amisala. Mliriwu wangowonjezera zinthu.
Kusungulumwa komwe kunkalamulira panthawi yotseka, kuopa kufalikira, kuzunzika kwa okondedwa omwe anamwalira, kusatsimikizika kwachuma, kusokoneza zizolowezi zatsiku ndi tsiku komanso kulemedwa kwa Covid kosalekeza kwabweretsa kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe komwe sikunachitikepo.
Posachedwapa, bungwe la World Health Organization lapempha maiko osiyanasiyana kuti achitepo kanthu kuti apititse patsogolo chisamaliro ndi kupeza chithandizo chamaganizo, pamaso pa zomwe zimawona kuti ndi mliri weniweni wa thanzi la maganizo. Mkhalidwe wamaganizidwe ku Italy siwosiyana kwambiri. Kupsinjika maganizo kunakula.
Mabungwe khumi asayansi aku Italy alengeza kale chenjezo, kuwonetsa kuti sikungowonongeka kodziwika bwino kwamaganizidwe, komanso kuti dzikolo lilinso ndi zovuta pakutsimikizira ntchito zochepa. Vuto ndilakuti ngati ntchito zamaganizidwe ndi zamaganizidwe sizokwanira, ndizosatheka kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komwe kumalepheretsa anthu kukhudza pansi pamalingaliro.
Thanzi la maganizo ku Italy likuipiraipira
Malinga ndi Mental Health Index ku Europe, Italy inali dziko lachiwiri lomwe lakhudzidwa kwambiri pazamisala ndi mliriwu, yoposa UK yokha. Panthawi yotsekeredwa, 88,6% ya anthu adanenanso kuti ali ndi nkhawa.
Ambiri atha kuchira, koma zovuta za mliriwu zayambitsa kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe kwatsopano kapena kukulitsa zomwe zidalipo kale: mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa Istituto Superiore di Sanità atangotsala pang'ono kutseka komanso kutsekedwa kudawulula kuti. chiwerengero cha zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo chinawonjezeka ndi 5,3%, zomwe zimakhudza pafupifupi 4 mwa 10 a ku Italy.
Kusatetezeka pazam'tsogolo, nkhawa zachuma, mantha ndi kupsinjika maganizo kungapangitsenso anthu omwe ali ndi maganizo ofooka kuganiza zodzipha. Zambiri kuchokera ku Unduna wa Zaumoyo zikuwonetsa kuti anthu 2020 adadzipha ku Italy mu 20.919, chiwonjezeko cha 3,7% poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha.
Ponseponse, milandu yopezeka ndi nkhawa, kukhumudwa ndi zovuta zina zamaganizidwe akuti yakula 30% kuyambira mliriwu. Mu 2021 Italy inali dziko lachisanu ndi chiwiri ku European Union pakufalikira kwa matenda amisala.
Komabe, ziyenera kufotokozedwa kuti kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la maganizo sikumayambitsa matenda a maganizo monga choncho. Nthawi zina zimawonekera m'njira zosavomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri amavomereza kuti amadzimva "otopa" kuntchito. 28% amavutika kukhazikika, 20% amavomereza kuti zimatengera nthawi yayitali kuti amalize ntchito yawo, ndipo 15% amafotokoza mavuto oganiza, kuganiza kapena kupanga zisankho.
Tsoka ilo, ana ndi achinyamata ndi omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri. Mliriwu wakulitsa kufooka kwawo kobisika, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'zaka izi: kuyanjana. Tsopano popeza kuti zadzidzidzi zatha, mavutowa ayamba kuonekera, choncho ndi nthawi yoti tigwirizanenso.
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Guarantor Authority for Childhood and Adolescence ndi National Institute of Health (ISS) adawonetsa kuti pali "'zovuta zadzidzidzi' chifukwa cha kuchuluka kosalekeza kwa zopempha kuchokera kwa ana m'derali. M'malo mwake, akatswiri anena za kuchulukira kwa zovuta zomwe zapezeka kale komanso kuyambika kwa zovuta zatsopano m'maphunziro omwe ali pachiwopsezo ".
Bungwe la Mental Health Observatory ku Italy linatsimikiziranso chodabwitsa china chodetsa nkhawa: chiwawa chomwe chikukulirakulira. Kuwunika kwakusintha kwamaganizidwe komwe kumapitilira mwa anthu omwe adagonjetsa Covid kumawonetsa kuti manjenje, nkhanza komanso kukwiya ndizofala pambuyo pa matenda.
Mwachiwonekere ndi kusintha kwaumwini komwe kumakhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu, choncho "Deta yoyamba ikuwonetsa kuti nkhanza kunja kwa nyumba komanso m'banja zikukula kwambiri". Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mliriwu ukhoza kuchititsa kuti tikhale anthu achiwawa kwambiri omwe amakhala ndi nkhanza zambiri.
Kudera nkhawa kwambiri za thanzi lamisala ku Italy, koma ntchito zochepa
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Ipsos adawonetsa kuti 54% ya anthu aku Italiya amazindikira kuwonongeka kwamaganizidwe awo chifukwa cha mliri. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti malingaliro a thanzi labwino akusintha, ndikuchotsa malingaliro akale.
Pafupifupi, 79% ya aku Italiya amawona kufunika kofanana ndi thanzi lawo lakuthupi ndi lamalingaliro. Komanso, 51% amavomereza kuti nthawi zambiri amaganiza za moyo wawo. Chizoloŵezi chodera nkhawa za thanzi labwino ndi chachikulu pakati pa achinyamata osapitirira zaka 35, pamene azaka zopitilira 50 sada nkhawa kwambiri ndi momwe amamvera.
Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kufunikira kwa thanzi labwino ndikumasula ku kusalana kwamtundu uliwonse kuti anthu athe kupeza chithandizo mavuto asanakule. Koma m'pofunikanso kukhala ndi chithandizo choyenera.
Zapezeka kuti, pomwe mavuto amaganiziridwa akuchulukirachulukira, chithandizo chamankhwala chamisala chikuchepa, zomwe sizinali zofunika kwenikweni mliri usanachitike. Ku Italy kuli akatswiri a zamaganizo 3,3 okha pa anthu 100.000 aliwonse, chiwerengero chodetsa nkhawa chomwe chimabisala kusowa ndi kupsinjika maganizo.
Ku Ulaya, mayiko omwe amapeza ndalama zofanana ndi ku Italy ali ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo pafupifupi 10 pa anthu 100.000 aliwonse a zaumoyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amaika ndalama mowirikiza katatu kuposa ku Italy pantchito zachipatala cha anthu.
Ndendende, Italy imangopereka 3,5% yokha ya ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo ku thanzi lamisala, poyerekeza ndi 12% ya avareji yaku Europe. M'malo mwake, 20% ya aku Italiya amazindikira kuti amavutika kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala am'maganizo.
Bonasi ya Psychologist: Palibe thanzi popanda thanzi labwino
Il bonasi ya psychology ndi "Zopereka zothandizira ndalama zamagulu a psychotherapy", thumba la chithandizo chamaganizo loperekedwa ndi Aid Decree bis. Unduna wa Zaumoyo ukuwonetsa kuti zikutanthauza "Thandizani mtengo wa chithandizo chamaganizo cha omwe, panthawi yovuta ya mliriwu komanso mavuto azachuma, awona kuwonjezeka kwa kupsinjika maganizo, nkhawa, kupsinjika maganizo komanso kufooka kwa maganizo".
Ngakhale mosakayika ndi njira yosakwanira yotetezera ndi kusamalira thanzi lamalingaliro pamlingo waukulu, zitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa zovuta zamaganizidwe zomwe zatsala ndi mliriwu. Ntchitoyi itha kutumizidwa pakompyuta kuyambira 25 Julayi mpaka 24 Okutobala 2022, patsamba la INPS.
Thandizoli limapangidwira anthu omwe ali ndi Isee osapitirira ma euro 50, ngakhale atakhala ndi magawo angapo othandizira:
1. Ndi Isee osachepera 15 ma euro, kuchuluka kwa phindu ndi 600 euro pa wopindula.
2. Ndi Isee pakati pa 15 ndi 30 ma euro zikwizikwi, ndalama zambiri zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi 400 euros kwa aliyense wopindula.
3. Ndi Isee pamwamba pa 30 zikwi ndipo osapitirira 50 zikwi za euro, kuchuluka kwa phindu kuli kofanana ndi 200 euro kwa wopindula aliyense.
Pantchitoyi, INPS ipanga masanjidwe omwe angaganizire ISEE komanso dongosolo lakufika kwa zopemphazo. Ngati ufulu wa bonasi ya psychologist uzindikiridwa, choperekacho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito mpaka ma euro 50 pagawo lililonse la psychotherapy, ndipo amalipidwa mpaka pamlingo womwe waperekedwa.
Wopindula adzalandira code yapadera yogwirizana, kuti aperekedwe kwa katswiri kumene gawo la psychotherapy limachitika. Ndalamazo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa nthawi yayitali ya masiku a 180 kuchokera pakuvomerezedwa kwa ntchitoyo, pambuyo pa tsiku lomaliza ndondomekoyi idzathetsedwa.
Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kufotokozera kuti katswiri wa zamaganizo yemwe amayang'anira magawowa ayenera kulembedwa mu Register of Psychologists. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti ndinu akatswiri odziwa zambiri komanso oyenerera. Bonasi yazamisala itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pamisonkhano yama psychotherapy pa intaneti, mwachitsanzo kudzera mu Unobravo online psychology service.
Malire:
Petrella, F. (2022, January) Thanzi la maganizo: malingaliro ndi malingaliro okhudza kufunika kokhala ndi thanzi labwino la thupi ndi maganizo. Mu: Ipsos.
Daniela Bianco et.al. (2021), Headway 2023 Mental Health Index Report. Mu: European House Ambrosetti.
(2022), Pandemic, neurodevelopment ndi thanzi labwino la ana ndi achinyamata. Mu: Epicenter, Higher Institute of Health.
Emanuela Medda et.al. (February 2022), The Covid-19 ku Italy: Zizindikiro zakukhumudwa nthawi yomweyo isanachitike komanso itatha kutseka koyamba. Mu: National Library of Medicine.
Elisa Manacorda (2021 Marichi), Covid: kudzipha kukuchulukirachulukira, ulalo ndi mliriwu ukuphunziridwa sizikuwonekeratu. Mu: Republic.
(2022 June), Chenjezo la WHO la "deatención" la trastornos limapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo. Mu: Redacción Médica.
(2022 Epulo), Covid-19, thanzi lamalingaliro ndi kadyedwe: polojekitiyi #POSAKHALITSA pamodzi. Mu: Epicenter Istituto Superiore di Sanità.
Stefania Penzo (2022 May), Mental Health, ku Italy kokha 3 akatswiri a zamaganizo kwa anthu zikwi zana limodzi. Mu: Lifegate.
Nicola Barone (2022 May), Mental Health, ndi Covid + 30% ya milandu koma chikwi ochepera madokotala. Zomwe akatswiri amisala akufunsa. Mu: Sole24ore.
(2022 August), Covid: Mental Health Observatory, 'gulu lachiwawa kwambiri pambuyo pa mliri'.
Pakhomo Thanzi lamalingaliro ku Italy: tili kuti? idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
