Malingaliro olakwika ndi cholepheretsa m'moyo komanso chosokoneza chitukuko chamunthu, kapena timaganiza choncho. Komabe, malingaliro olakwika siowopsa monganso malingaliro abwino siabwino. Pakati pa zolemba ziwirizi pali dziko lolemera komanso lovuta kwambiri lomwe limangotengera momwe timaonera komanso zotsatirapo zake.
Popeza malingaliro m'moyo nthawi zambiri amakhala mphamvu yomwe imangotikankhira mbali ina, ngati tikufuna kuteteza athu kulingalira bwino ndikupewa zovuta zambiri zosafunikira, tiyenera kumvetsetsa malingaliro ndi momwe tingawathetsere moyenera.
Kodi mtima ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Maganizo ndi njira yolowera kumoyo. Ndi kaimidwe kamene kamatipangitsa ife kukhala mbali imodzi kapena yina ndikudziwitsa khalidwe lathu. David G. Myers adalongosola izi "Maganizo ndiwofufuza, okonda kapena osakondera, kwa china chake kapena wina, chomwe chimawonekera pakukhulupirira kwanu, malingaliro kapena zolinga zanu".
Zomwe zimakhazikika pamalingaliro ndizofunikira zathu, zikhulupiriro zathu komanso malingaliro athu padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo malingaliro amakhala ngati mphamvu yamkati yomwe ingatipangitse kuchitapo kanthu. Carl G. Jung anakhulupirira zimenezo “Kukhala ndi malingaliro kumatanthawuza kukonzekereratu ku chinthu china, ngakhale chikakhala kuti sichikudziwa kanthu; kutanthauza kuti kukhala ndi chikhoterero chakumapeto kwake, kuyimilidwa kapena ayi ”. Izi zikutanthauza kuti malingaliro athu amakonda kudyetsa zakale kuposa momwe ziliri pano.
Mwanjira imeneyi, a Solomon Ash anali otsimikiza izi "Maganizo akupirira malingaliro opangidwa ndi zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu". Chifukwa chake, malingalirowa atha kukhala olowera mtsogolo kutengera zomwe tidakhala ndi zomwe taphunzira kuchokera pazomwe takumana nazo. Koma pamene dziko likusintha mosalekeza ndipo zomwe zinali zovomerezeka dzulo sizingakhale lero, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse tiziganiziranso malingaliro athu potengera zomwe takumana nazo ndikudzifunsa ngati ili yoyenera, yothandiza kwambiri kapena yanzeru kwambiri .
Maganizo olakwika sakhala "oyipa" momwe timaganizira
Mndandanda wamaganizidwe olakwika omwe tingaganize ungakhale wopanda malire. Mwachitsanzo, kungokhala chete kumawonedwa ngati koyipa chifukwa kumatanthauza kusakhala ndi chidwi ndi zochitika, mfundo ziwiri zomwe gulu lathu limalimbikitsa.
Kutaya chiyembekezo ndi chitsanzo china cha malingaliro olakwika chifukwa, mwamaganizidwe, zimabweretsa kudziko lapansi. Makhalidwe achiwawa amawonedwanso kukhala osayenera chifukwa amaphatikizapo kusadziletsa ndipo zitha kuvulaza ena kapena kudzipweteketsa.
Momwemonso, chidwi chimadziwika kuti ndi chosayenera chifukwa chimakhudza kuyika zosowa zathu patsogolo pa ena mwadyera. M'malo mwake, anthu amalimbikitsa kuthandiza ena, powona kuti ndi malingaliro abwino komanso osangalatsa mwa mamembala awo.
Koma ngakhale palibe kukayika kuti malingaliro onga kukayikira, kungokhala, kuchita nkhanza kapena kudzikonda atha kukhala mabuleki pakukula kwa munthuyo, palibenso kukaika kuti magwiridwe antchito am'malingaliro a "malingaliro olakwika" ndi ovuta kwambiri.
Anthu akumadzulo amakonda kumvetsetsa malingaliro monga zotsutsana, zotsutsana mopitilira muyeso popanda kufanana komwe wina amafunikira a priori pomwe winayo ndiwosafunika. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zonse timangotchula malingaliro olowerera: mwina ndife okangalika kapena otakataka, kapena tili ndi chidwi kapena osachita chidwi, kapena tili ndi malingaliro olakwika kapena abwino.
Komabe, malingaliro paokha siabwino. Mwanjira ina, malingaliro osayembekezera, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "osayenerera", atha kukhala olungamitsidwa komanso kusintha nthawi zina. Mwachitsanzo, Asitoiki ankalimbikitsa maganizo amene tinganene kuti ndi opanda chiyembekezo.
Marcus Aurelius analemba kuti: "Yambani tsiku lililonse ndikudziuza kuti: lero ndikumana ndi zosokoneza, kusayamika, chipongwe, kusakhulupirika, zoyipa komanso kudzikonda ..." Kwa afilosofi awa, malingaliro "olakwika" amenewo anali ofunikira kuti athetse ziyembekezo zathu ndikukhazikitsa kulimba mtima.
Chifukwa chake, malingaliro olakwika sayenera "kuyerekezedwa" ndi kakhalidwe koyenera koma powerengera gawo lawo losinthira; ndiye kuti, zimakhudza moyo wathu. Kuchokera pano, malingaliro olakwika ndi omwe amakhala katundu, pomwe malingaliro abwino ndi omwe amatithandiza kuthana ndi mavuto kapena mikangano ndikutithandiza kukula monga anthu.
Zoipa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha zabwino - komanso mosemphanitsa
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ku Xiamen University adawonetsa kuti mayendedwe abwino monga kuzindikira chilungamo, kukhulupirika, chisamaliro, ulamuliro komanso kuyera kumapangitsa chidwi chonyansa ndipo zitha kukulitsa malingaliro olakwika okhudzana ndi kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Sizinali zofufuza zokhazokha kuti tipeze momwe mfundo zina zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizabwino komanso zothandizirana pakati pathu zimatha kukhala mbeuzo za magulu ena. Akatswiri azamaganizidwe a University of Portland State adapeza kuti kutsindika pazinthu monga kukongola, mgonero wamaganizidwe, zokolola, kuchita bwino komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu pazachuma ndizomwe zimayambitsa malingaliro olakwika kwa anthu olumala.
Mfundo zonse, kuphatikiza zomwe timaziyesa zabwino, zimatha kuyambitsa chidwi chazomwe timakonda komanso kusakonda m'malo mowunika. Kuwonetsetsa kotereku kumatha kuyambitsa malingaliro olakwika pazonse zomwe sizilemekeza malamulo omwe takhala nawo mkati.
M'malo mwake, kuyesa chidwi kwambiri komwe kunapangidwa ku University of South Florida kumatiwonetsa ntchito zabwino za malingaliro olakwika. Akatswiriwa adazindikira kuti ophunzira omwe anali ndi malingaliro olakwika kwa mphunzitsi wosadziwika adachita kafukufuku wambiri pa iye ndikumudziwa bwino kuposa omwe anali ndi malingaliro abwino kuyambira pachiyambi.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti malingaliro olakwika, bola ngati sanakule mopitirira muyeso, atha kutitsogolera kufuna kudziwa zambiri ndikufufuza zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tisakonde kapena kukayikirana. M'malo mwake, malingaliro abwino amatha kupanga zinthu zopanda pake komanso zopanda chidwi, kutipangitsa kuti tivomereze zomwe tapatsidwa kuti ndizabwino.
Momwemonso, ofufuzawa adapeza kuti malingaliro oyipa okhudza mphunzitsi amathandizira kuti ophunzira azikhala ogwirizana ndikupanga ubale. Zotsatira zake, malingaliro olakwika amakhalanso ndi mphamvu yomanga.
Momwe mungachitire molimbika ndi malingaliro olakwika?
Palibe chifukwa chodzinenera tokha chifukwa cha "malingaliro olakwika" ngati zikatipangitsa kuti tipeze mavuto. Nthawi zina, malingaliro olakwikawa amatha kufotokozedwa komanso kusintha magwiridwe antchito. Chifukwa chake, sitepe yoyamba ndikuvomereza zomwe zidachitika. L 'kuvomereza kwakukulu chimatimasula ku liwongo ndikutilola kukula. Zomwe zachitika zachitika. Gawo lotsatira ndikutsimikiza kuti sizichitikanso.
Kuti tiwone ngati awa ndi malingaliro olakwika omwe tiyenera kuthetseratu, tiyenera kupenda mbali zitatu izi:
1. Mphamvu. Malingaliro okhwima amachepetsa mayankho athu ndipo amatipangitsa kuchita mosayenera. Chifukwa chake, malingaliro aliwonse, ngati ali opupuluma kwambiri, ndi bwino kuti mufufuze kuti mupeze zomwe zakuchitikirani zomwe zimakupangitsani kukonda kapena kusakonda. Ngati sititero, titha kukhala ozunzidwa ndi a kugwidwa m'maganizo.
2. Kusintha. Maganizo olakwika amatha kusintha nthawi zina. Mwachitsanzo, kupsa mtima kwambiri kungatithandize kuthana ndi munthu amene akufuna kutivulaza. Kungokhala chete kungathandizenso kuti munthu ayambe kuphulika. Chifukwa chake ndi funso losiya zilembo za "zabwino" ndi "zoyipa" zidagwiritsidwa ntchito choyambirira kuti tiwone ngati malingaliro ena, munjira ina, ali osinthika kapena ayi.
3. Zotsatira zake. Maganizo onse amakhala ndi zotulukapo, ena amakhala abwino pomwe ena amakhala olakwika. Chifukwa chake, sitingathe kuiwala kamvekedwe kamene kamakhala ndi malingaliro ena, mwa ena komanso mwa ife eni. Kodi tinamva bwino kapena kulira? Kodi malingaliro athu apweteka kapena athandiza ena?
Ngati tinganene kuti malingaliro anali olakwika chifukwa chakukula kwake kutigonjetsa, sikunatithandizire kuthetsa vutolo kapena zotsatira zake zinali zowopsa, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kusintha. Kupatula apo, nthawi zonse pamakhala malire amalingaliro owongolera malingaliro.
Kuti muchite izi, nthawi zambiri zimangokwanira kuti mudzipatse mphindi zochepa musanayankhe ndikudzifunsa nokha: Kodi ndikuchita zomwe zikuchitika kapena ndikulola kuti ndikunyamulidwe ndi zomwe ndakumana nazo m'mbuyomu? Chikhumbo choyamba chikangoyima, tiyenera kudzifunsa: ndi malingaliro ati omwe angakhale oyenera kuthana ndi izi?
Zingakhale zovuta poyamba, koma poyeserera titha kukhala ndi malingaliro osinthika omwe amatipangitsa kumva bwino ndikutithandiza kuyenda m'nyanja yovuta ya moyo ndi zopinga zochepa.
Malire:
Wang, R. et. A. Mitundu ya Psychology; 10.3389.
Weaver, JR & Bosson, JK (2011) Ndikumva ngati ndikudziwani: kugawana malingaliro olakwika a ena kumalimbikitsa kumva bwino. Pers Soc Psychol Bull; 37 (4): 481-491.
Livneh, H. (1982) Pa Chiyambi Cha Maganizo Olakwika Ponena za Anthu Olumala. En I. Marini & MA Stebnicki (Eds.), Zomwe zimakhudza matenda ndi kulemala (13-25). Kampani Yosindikiza ya Springer.
Pakhomo Maganizo olakwika, zomwe simunauzidwepo idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
