Kuganiza zoyembekezera kungakhale mthandizi wathu wabwino kwambiri kapena mdani wathu wamkulu. Kutha kudzipangira tokha m'tsogolo ndi kulingalira zomwe zingachitike kumatithandiza kukonzekera kulimbana ndi mavuto m'njira yabwino kwambiri, koma kungathenso kukhala chopinga chomwe chimatiyika m'malingaliro athu ndi kutifooketsa. Kumvetsetsa mmene kuganiza moyembekezera kumagwirira ntchito ndi misampha imene kungapangire kudzatithandiza kugwiritsa ntchito luso lodabwitsa limeneli mopindulitsa.
kuganiza moyembekezera ndi chiyani?
Kuganiza moyembekezera ndi njira yachidziwitso yomwe timazindikira zovuta ndi zovuta zomwe zingabwere ndikukonzekera kuthana nazo. Ndi njira yamalingaliro yomwe imatilola kupanga njira zina zomwe tingathe mtsogolomo ndikuzimvetsetsa zisanachitike.
Mwachiwonekere, kulingalira kwachiyembekezo ndi njira yovuta yomwe imaphatikizapo mbali zingapo zachidziwitso. Sikuti zimangofuna kuti tikhale tcheru kuti tiyang'anire zochitika zina ndikutha kunyalanyaza zina zomwe sizili zoyenera, komanso zimatipempha kuti tigwiritse ntchito chidziwitso chathu ndi zomwe taphunzira m'mbuyomu kuti tidziŵe zomwe zingachitike pamene tikufunafuna njira zothetsera mavuto ndi adiresi. kusatsimikizika ndi kusamveka bwino komwe kumabweretsa mtsogolo.
Zowonadi, kuganiza mwachiyembekezo ndi njira yodziwira ndi kuthetsa mavuto. Si nkhani yongowonjezera mikangano kufikira titafika pamlingo wowopsa, koma imatipempha kuti tilingalirenso mkhalidwewo. Izi zikutanthawuza kusintha machitidwe ndi machitidwe a maganizo. Chifukwa chake, kuganiza moyembekezera ndi njira yofananira m'maganizo ndi njira yopangira ziyembekezo pazomwe zingachitike.
Mitundu itatu yamalingaliro oyembekezera omwe timagwiritsa ntchito kulosera zam'tsogolo
1. Kugwirizana kwa zitsanzo
Zochitika zomwe timakhala m'moyo wonse zimatipatsa mwayi wozindikira kuti pali mitundu ina. Mwachitsanzo, timaona kuti kumwamba kukakhala mitambo yakuda, mvula imagwa. Kapena kuti pamene mnzathuyo ali ndi vuto, tikhoza kukangana. Malingaliro oyembekezera amagwiritsa ntchito zitsanzozi ngati "database".
M’zochita zake, nthawi zonse amafananiza zochitika zakale ndi zakale kuti azindikire zizindikiro zomwe zingasonyeze zovuta m’chizimezime kapena kuti tikukumana ndi vuto linalake. Kulingalira moyembekeza kumatichenjeza pamene tatsala pang’ono kukumana ndi vuto. Ilo limatiuza kuti chinachake chalakwika, malinga ndi zochitika zathu zakale.
Mwachiwonekere, si dongosolo lopanda nzeru. Kudalira kwambiri zomwe takumana nazo kungatipangitse kupanga maulosi olakwika chifukwa dziko likusintha nthawi zonse ndipo kusintha kwakung'ono komwe sitinazindikire kungayambitse zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Kotero ngakhale kuti kuganiza koyembekeza kumeneku kuli kofunikira, tiyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito mosungika.
2. Kutsata njira
Kulingalira kotereku kumayerekezera zomwe zikuchitika ndi zolosera zathu. Sitiyiwala zomwe takumana nazo m'mbuyomu, koma timaganizira kwambiri zamasiku ano. Kudziwiratu ngati kukambirana ndi mnzanuyo kudzachitika, mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe athu, tidzadziletsa tokha kuti tiwone kuchuluka kwa mkwiyo ndi maganizo oipa, koma ngati tiganizira za trajectory tidzayang'anitsitsa momwe munthu winayo akumvera. pompopompo.
Ndi njira iyi sitingozindikira ndikuwonjezera machitidwe kapena zochitika, koma timagwiritsa ntchito kawonedwe kantchito. Mwachiwonekere, ndondomeko yamaganizo yomwe imayikidwa kuti itsatire njira ndi kufananitsa ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi kugwirizanitsa mwachindunji chizindikiro ndi zotsatira zoipa, motero zimafuna kuwonjezereka kwakukulu. mphamvu zamaganizo.
Kufooka kwakukulu kwa mtundu uwu wa kuganiza moyembekezera ndikuti timathera nthawi yochuluka tikuyesa njira ya zochitika, kotero ngati agwa, angatidzidzimutsa, osakonzekera kukumana nawo. Timakhala pachiwopsezo chokhala ongowonerera kwa nthawi yayitali, opanda nthawi yoti tichite komanso opanda ndondomeko yogwira ntchito.
3. Kulumikizana
Malingaliro oyembekezera amtunduwu ndi ovuta kwambiri chifukwa amatifunsa kuti tizindikire kugwirizana pakati pa zochitika. M'malo mongoyankha ku machitidwe akale kapena kutsatira ndondomeko ya zochitika zamakono, timazindikira tanthauzo la zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndikumvetsetsa kudalirana kwawo.
Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imakhala yosakanikirana ndi kuganiza modzidzimutsa ndi zizindikiro zosazindikira. M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kuyika chidwi chathu chonse chomwe chimatipangitsa kuzindikira zonse mopanda tsankho kutithandiza kupanga chithunzi chapadziko lonse cha zomwe zikuchitika.
Nthawi zambiri, kuphatikizika kumachitika mwangozi. Tikuwona zizindikiro ndi zosagwirizana, monga momwe kuganiza kwathu kumapereka tanthauzo ndikugwirizanitsa ndi chithunzi chapadziko lonse lapansi chomwe chimatilola kumvetsetsa zolumikizana ndikuzitsata kuti tilosere zolondola.
Ubwino wa kuganiza moyembekezera
Kuganiza zoyembekezera kumawonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha zochitika ndi luntha m'magawo ambiri. Akatswiri akuluakulu a chess, mwachitsanzo, amasanthula m'maganizo momwe angathere kwa adani awo asanasunthe chidutswa. Poyembekezera kusuntha kwa mdani, ali ndi mwayi ndikuwonjezera mwayi wopambana.
Kuganiza moyembekezera kungatithandize kwambiri. Tikhoza kuyang'ana m'chizimezime kuyesa kulosera kumene zisankho zina zingatifikitse. Conco, titha kudziŵa motsimikizirika kuti zosankha zimene zingakhale zabwino ndi ziti zimene zingativulaze. Choncho kuganiza mwachiyembekezo n'kofunika kuti tikonzekere ndikukonzekera kuyenda m'njira yosankhidwa.
Sikuti zimangotithandiza kuyembekezera zovuta ndi zopinga zomwe tingakumane nazo, komanso zimatithandizira kupanga dongosolo lothana ndi mavuto kapena kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwawo. Choncho, kungatithandize kupewa mavuto osafunikira komanso kutithandiza kuti tisakhale ndi mphamvu panjira.
Mbali yamdima yoyembekezera mavuto
“Bambo wina ankakonza nyumbayo ataona kuti akufunika choboolera magetsi koma analibe ndipo mashopu onse anatseka. Kenako anakumbukira kuti mnansi wake anali nawo. Anaganiza zomupempha kuti amubwereke. Koma asanafike pakhomo adamufunsa kuti: 'Bwanji ngati sakufuna kundibwereka?'
Kenako anakumbukira kuti nthaŵi yomaliza imene anakumana naye, mnansiyo sanali waubwenzi monga mwa nthaŵi zonse. Mwinamwake iye anali wofulumira, kapena mwinamwake iye anamukwiyira iye.
'Zowona, ngati wandikwiyira, sandibwereka chibowolocho. Adzapereka chowiringula chilichonse ndipo ine ndidzipanga chitsiru. Kodi angaganize kuti iye ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa ine chifukwa chakuti ali ndi zimene ndikufuna? Ndi kutalika kwa kudzikuza!' Anaganiza mwamunayo. Chifukwa chokwiya, adangoganiza zolephera kumaliza kukonzanso kunyumba chifukwa mnansi wake sangamubwerekeko. Akadabweranso kudzamuwona, sakalankhulanso naye ”.
Nkhaniyi ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha mavuto oyembekezera omwe angatibweretsere tikatenga njira yolakwika. Kulingalira kotereku kumatha kukhala chizolowezi choganiza chomwe chimangothandiza kuwona zovuta ndi zopinga pomwe palibe kapena pomwe sizingachitike.
Kuganiza zoyembekezera kukakhala kuwulula zovuta, kumabweretsa kukayikira chifukwa timachotsa gawo lothandiza kwambiri: kuthekera kokonzekera njira zamtsogolo.
Tikatero tikhoza kugwa m’mavuto. Timayamba kuopa zomwe zingachitike. Nkhawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo kokhudzana ndi kuyembekezera kungapangitse madontho akhungu ndikumanga mapiri kuchokera ku mchenga. Chifukwa chake timakhala pachiwopsezo chokhala akaidi amalingaliro oyembekezera.
Nthawi zina tingayambe kuvutika maganizo kumene timaganiza kuti palibe chimene tingachite. Tili otsimikiza kuti mavuto omwe akubwera m'tsogolo sangathetsedwe ndipo timadzipumitsa tokha, kudyetsa kaimidwe kopanda kanthu komwe timadziwona kuti ndife ozunzidwa ndi tsogolo lomwe sitingathe kusintha.
Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji kuganiza moyembekezera kuti moyo ukhale wosavuta m'malo mousokoneza?
Kuganiza moyembekezera ndi kothandiza chifukwa kumatithandiza kukonzekera tokha kuyankha m'njira yosinthika kwambiri momwe tingathere. Choncho, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti maganizo otere akagwiritsidwa ntchito, samangoona zoopsa, mavuto ndi zopinga m’njira, koma tiyenera kudzifunsa zimene tingachite kuti tipewe ngozizo kapenanso kuti tipewe mavuto. kuchepetsa mphamvu zawo.
Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuganiza moyembekezera bwino ndi omwe samangoneneratu zamavuto, koma amafunafuna tanthauzo. Sikuti amangoona zizindikiro zochenjeza, koma akuzimasulira mogwirizana ndi zimene angachite kuti athetse vutoli. Malingaliro awo amayang'ana pa zomwe angachite ndipo kuganiza moyembekezera kumatenga kawonedwe kogwira ntchito.
Choncho, nthawi ina mukadzawona mavuto ali pafupi, musamangodandaula kapena kudandaula, dzifunseni zomwe mungachite ndikukonzekera zochita. Kotero mutha kupindula kwambiri ndi chida chodabwitsa chomwe chiri kuganiza moyembekezera.
Malire:
Hough, A. et. Al. (2019) Metacognitive Triggering Mechanism for Anticipatory Thinking. Mu: Fufuzani Zotsatira.
McKierman, P. (2017) Malingaliro oyembekezera; Kukonzekera kwa zochitika kumakumana ndi sayansi ya ubongo. Kuneneratu Zatekinoloje ndi Kusintha Kwamakhalidwe; 124:66-76 .
Mullally, SL & Maguire, EA (2014) Memory, Imagination, and Predicting the future: A Common Brain Mechanism? Wasayansi; (20): 3-220.
Klein, G. & Snowden, DJ (2011) Kuganiza Zoyembekezera. Mu: Fufuzani Zotsatira.
Byrne, CL ndi. Al. (2010) Zotsatira za Kuneneratu pa Kuthetsa Mavuto Mwachilengedwe: Kafukufuku Woyeserera. Nkhani Yakufufuza Zachidziwitso; 22 (2): 119-138.
Pakhomo Maganizo oyembekezera, mzere wabwino pakati popewa ndikupanga mavuto idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
