Kawirikawiri amakhulupirira kuti kudzimva wopanda pake kunali kofanana ndi omwe ali ndi mavuto amisala monga maganizo. Koma chowonadi ndichakuti ndimakhalidwe amisala omwe tonsefe titha kudwala ndipo amatha kukhala okhazikika ngati sitimvera.
Gulu la akatswiri amisala ochokera ku University College a London adaganiza zofufuza zachabechabe ndipo adapeza kuti ndizofala kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu amazindikirira. Mwina chifukwa choopa kusalidwa kapena kusakhala ndi chizolowezi cholankhula zakukhosi kwathu, chowonadi ndichakuti anthu ambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso kusungulumwa pawokha.
Chifukwa chake, aliyense amatha kudzimva wopanda kanthu, ngakhale atakhala ndi thanzi lamisala. Ndichinthu chovuta kudziwa chomwe chofunikira chake chimafalikira kumadera onse amoyo ndipo chingakhale chowopsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungazizindikirire kuti mudzathane nayo munthawi yake.
"Miphika yopanda malire"
Akatswiriwa amalankhula ndi anthu opitilira 400 azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 80 omwe adadzimva opanda kanthu nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo, ena mwa apo ndi apo ndipo ena nthawi zonse. Anthuwa adadzaza mafunso omwe amafufuza za kudzimva wopanda pake. Chifukwa chake ndikufufuza koyambirira komwe kumapereka mwayi kwa munthu woyamba kudzimva wopanda pake.
Ena mwa omwe adatenga nawo mbali adalongosola kudzimva ngati wachabechabe ngati "Mtundu wa mphika wopanda malire womwe sungadzazidwe konse" o "Kumverera kwina ndi kudzipatula pagulu" Che "Zimayamwa moyo wanu wonse ndi mphamvu zanu".
M'malo mwake, chimodzi mwazizindikiro zakumverera kwachabechabe komanso kusungulumwa ndikumverera kwachabechabe kwamkati. Kudzimva wopanda pake kumabwera, makamaka, kuchokeraanhedonia. Mwanjira ina, anthu omwe amadzimva opanda kanthu amakumana ndi "maganizidwe ochititsa dzanzi" omwe amawateteza kuti asataye mtima, komanso chisangalalo. Akayang'ana mkati, zimakhala ngati sakupeza kanthu.
Malingaliro am'malingaliro awa nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi zomverera zosasangalatsa zathupi. Mwachitsanzo, anthu amafotokoza zowawa, mfundo, kudzimva wopanda pake mthupi ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonetsa: "Ndikumva ngati ndikusowa kanthu m'chifuwa mwanga". Malingaliro awa akuwonetsa kuti kudzimva wopanda pake kumakhudza thupi.
"Ndikumva kuti sindikuwoneka"
Kupanda kanthu kumakhalapo pokhudzana ndi ubale wamunthu ndi ena. Choyamba, ophunzirawo adawona kuti alibe chilichonse choti angapatse ena. Amadzimva kuti sangathe kukhala ndi gawo labwino m'miyoyo yawo komanso kuti athandizire kwambiri pamaubale ndi anzawo komanso m'dera lawo. Pachifukwa ichi, adadzifotokozera okha "zosokoneza" o "Mtolo kwa ena".
Chachiwiri, adazindikira kusazindikira, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kudzimva wopanda pake sichinthu chomwe chimakula kuchokera mkati, koma chitha kupangidwanso chifukwa cha zochitika, makamaka tikamayenda m'malo osokoneza malingaliro.
Munthu m'modzi anati: "Ndikumva kuti sindikuwoneka kwa omwe ali pafupi nane". Anthu omwe adadziona ngati opanda pake adati sanamvedwe kapena kuzindikiridwa ndi ena, kuphatikiza anthu omwe anali ofunika kwambiri kwa iwo. Iwo anamva ngati amodzi "Munthu wosowa", ngakhale kuti wazunguliridwa ndi anthu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kusagwirizana kumeneku ndi ena kumalumikizidwanso ndikumverera kotsutsidwa komanso kotheka kugwiritsa ntchito. Anthu ambiri anenapo kuti achitiridwa nkhanzachopondera kapena kumva chida cha wina, makamaka iwo omwe anali gawo lawo bwalo la kudalirana. Amadzimvanso okha, osalumikizidwa, otalikirana komanso otalikirana ndi anzawo.
"Chilichonse chomwe ndimachita ndichabechabe"
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimatsagana ndikudzimva wopanda pake ndikumverera kuti chilichonse chilibe tanthauzo pamoyo. Ambiri mwa omwe adatenga nawo mbali adavomereza kuti alibe "Palibe chofunikira kudzipereka", osakhoza kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zilizonse zofunikira ndiku "Simukufuna kalikonse". Izi zikutanthauza kuti analibe malangizo m'moyo.
M'modzi mwa anthu omwe anafunsidwa anafotokoza kuti: “Umawona kuti chilichonse chomwe umachita ndichopanda ntchito ndipo ukuyenda basi. Inu mumangoyesera kudzaza nthawi mpaka imfa. Nthawi zina mumasangalala kapena china chake chabwino chimachitika chomwe chingakusokonezeni kwakanthawi, koma pamapeto pake pamakhala kusowa kwa mkati komwe sikumatha. Zili ngati kuti mukuwonekera poyera ndipo chilichonse chabwino monga chikondi kapena chisangalalo chimadutsa mwa inu osadziphatika, kenako zimakhala ngati sanakhaleko konse ".
Wina anati: "Ndimamva ngati kuti sindili wadziko lapansi, sindimamva chilichonse ndipo palibe chomwe ndidachita chomwe chidakhudza zochitika kapena anthu ena, ndidakhalako koma sindinali" wamoyo ".
Anthu omwe amadziona ngati achabechabe sazindikira tanthauzo la zomwe akuchita kapena m'moyo weniweniwo. Ambiri amva khalani moyo pawokha nthawi zonse amaikidwa. Amachita zofunikira pakukhala ndi moyo kapena kulemekeza misonkhano yachigawo, popanda kuchitapo kanthu mosazindikira koma mwamwambo. Zili ngati kuti dziko lawasiya m'mbuyo, osatha kuyamwa mphamvu ndi mphamvu zawo.
Maganizo amenewa akhoza kukhala owopsa. Zowonadi, akatswiri amisala awa azindikira kulumikizana pakati pamalingaliro obwerezabwereza akusowa chiyembekezo ndi malingaliro ofuna kudzipha kapena machitidwe. Anthu omwe amati nthawi zonse amakhala osowa kanthu amaganiza zodzipha kapena kuyesa kudzipha.
Msampha womwe umatipatsa kudzimva wachabechabe
Kudzimva wopanda pake kumachitika chifukwa chosakhala ndi chidwi komanso cholinga m'moyo. Ndikumverera komwe kulipo, koyambira komwe kumakhazikitsa njira yomwe umunthuwo umalumikizirana ndi dziko lapansi komanso lopanda umunthu. Kumverera kumeneko ndi njira "yakukhalira mdziko lapansi".
Zotsatira zake, chizindikirocho chimadziwika kuti chatsika, chopanda pake komanso chopanda pake, chongoyendetsedwa ndi inertia. Izi zimapanga msampha womwe ungakhale wakupha chifukwa, ngati kulibe chidwi, kudzimva wopanda kanthu kumatilepheretsa kudziwa kafukufuku ndikudzipereka. M'malo mwake, wopanda kanthu amatitchinga mumtundu wina wamkati kapena ndende yomwe imatilepheretsa ndikutilepheretsa kulumikizana ndi ena kapena kusangalala ndi dziko ndi moyo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, theka la omwe anali nawo phunziroli anali asanakhalepo ndi vuto lamaganizidwe, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kudzimva wopanda pake sikungokhala kwa iwo okha omwe ali ndi vuto la kukhumudwa kapena vuto lakumalire, koma amatha kudziwa aliyense. Ndicho chifukwa chake tiyenera kusamala ndi zizindikiro zake.
Chitsime:
Herron, SJ & Sani, F. (2021) Kumvetsetsa zomwe zimachitika pachabe: kafukufuku wazomwe zakhala zikuchitika. Journal of Mental Health; 10.1080.
Pakhomo Kumverera kwachabechabe kotchulidwa mwa munthu woyamba ndi iwo omwe amakhala idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
