Kulakwitsa kwakukulu komwe timapanga tikamafuna chisangalalo

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Mukufuna chiyani m'moyo? Mwina mukufuna kucheza kwambiri ndi banja lanu. Kapena mukufuna kukhala ndi ntchito yopindulitsa komanso yokhazikika. Kapena mwina mukufuna kupeza wokondedwa wanu. Kapena kusintha thanzi lanu. Koma ndichifukwa chiyani mukufuna zonsezi?

Yankho lanu liyenera kukhala: kukhala osangalala.


Pakadali pano ndikofunikira kudzifunsa kuti: Kodi mukutsimikiza kuti izi zidzakusangalatsani?

Kuyesa kochitidwa paImperial College of Sciences idawulula kuti sitiri olondola pakuneneratu zamphamvu zakumverera kwathu ndi momwe tikumvera. Timakonda kuganiza kuti zochitika zabwino zidzatipangitsa kukhala achimwemwe kwambiri, koma kenako timapeza kuti sizomwe zili choncho. Izi zimatitsogolera pakufunafuna chisangalalo chosapambana chomwe chimathera pakusakhutitsidwa, kukhumudwitsidwa ndikukhumudwitsidwa.

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Kufunafuna chisangalalo m'njira yolakwika

Chikhalidwe chathu chimakonda kwambiri kutsatira kwa chisangalalo kuti timaziona mopepuka kuti kufunitsitsa kukhala achimwemwe sikukuyenera chifukwa chilichonse. Timaganiza kuti chisangalalo ndi chabwino chifukwa kukhala osangalala ndibwino. Komabe, wafilosofi Nat Rutherford amadabwa ngati ndizomveka komanso zomveka kuti timange moyo wathu pamalingaliro ozungulira awa.

“M'masiku amasiku ano, chimwemwe ndi chomwe timayandikira kwambiri ndi summum bonum, chabwino kwambiri chomwe chimachokera ku zinthu zina zonse. Kutsatira lingaliro ili, kusasangalala kumangokhala summum malum, choyipa chachikulu kwambiri choyenera kupewa ", adalemba.

Kafukufuku wopangidwa ku Yunivesite ya California adawonetsa kuti kufunafuna chisangalalo chachikulu kumayenderana ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kukhumudwa. Akatswiri azamisala ku University of Denver adapezanso kuti anthu omwe amayamikira chisangalalo ambiri akuti amakhala osasangalala ndikamapanikizika kuposa omwe samayang'ana chisangalalo.

Chifukwa chake, chimodzi mwazolakwa zathu zazikulu pakusaka chisangalalo ndikudandaula kwambiri zakusangalala, mpaka kuweruza mbali zonse za moyo wathu potenga nawo gawo pazomwe timakhala nazo.

Tili ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi momwe tingapezere chisangalalo m'malo moyesera kuti timvetse zomwe zilidi komanso cholinga chake pamoyo. Timakhala ndi malingaliro ocheperako komanso osakondera osangalala omwe amayang'ana kwambiri pakusaka malingaliro abwino kuposa tanthauzo.

Kodi ndife ofunitsitsa kudzimana zochuluka motani kuti tikhale achimwemwe?

Mu 1989 wafilosofi Robert Nozick adalimbikitsa vuto: talingalirani kwakanthawi kuti pali makina omwe angatipatse chilichonse chomwe tikufuna. Ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofuna zathu zonse. Titha kukhala olemba abwino, kukhala opanga otchuka kapena amalonda ochita bwino. Titha kukhala moyo womwe takhala tikulakalaka, womwe ungatipangitse kukhala achimwemwe. Komabe, makina amenewo alidi simulator, chifukwa chake tiyenera kukhala omizidwa mu mphika wokhala ndi ma elekitirodi omangika mu ubongo wathu.

Kodi mungalumikizane ndi makinawo kuti mukhale osangalala?

Akatswiri a zamaganizidwe ochokera kumayunivesite a Groningen ndi La Soborna adafotokozanso zomwezo kwa anthu 249. Ambiri mwa omwe adatenga nawo mbali asankha kuti asalumikizane ndi makinawo, ndikukana chisangalalo chopeka chomwe chimawapatsa. Kutha kumwa mapiritsi omwe angapangitse zokumana nazo zosangalatsa pamoyo wawo wonse kunatsimikizira theka la anthu. M'malo mwake, pafupifupi aliyense amasankha kumwa mapiritsi omwe angawongolere magwiridwe antchito awo, kuzindikira, komanso kucheza.

Kuyesera uku kukuwonetsa kuti ngakhale tili otanganidwa ndi kufunafuna chisangalalo, sitili ofunitsitsa kusiya chilichonse kuti tikhale ndi zokumana nazo zosangalatsa. Okhazikika "amafuna" kukhala ndi moyo watanthauzo womwe umapitilira chisangalalo komanso chokhudzana ndi khama.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale chimwemwe chili chofunikira, sichinthu chokhacho chofunikira. Kuzindikira izi kutithandiza kudzimasula ku "nkhanza zachisangalalo", kuti tisiye kufunafuna mopitirira muyeso, ndikutaya panjira.

Kuvomereza kuvutika, mkhalidwe wofunikira kwambiri kuti mupeze chimwemwe

Kwa Epicurus, chisangalalo ndikufunafuna zosangalatsa ndikupewa zowawa ndi mavuto. Malinga ndi wafilosofi wachi Greek uyu, kusowa kwa ululu kwakanthawi kumatipatsa mtendere wamaganizidwe kapena ataraxia, dziko lomwe tili "mwamtendere ndi ife tokha". Koma moyo wokhutiritsa ndi wokwaniritsa umapitilira malire pakati pa chisangalalo ndi zowawa.

Zowonadi, Friedrich Nietzsche akutikumbutsa kuti ndife okonzeka kuvutika kapena kukumana ndi zovuta ngati tikutsimikiza kuti tilandila mphotho. "Munthu samakana kuzunzika motero, m'malo mwake amawafunafuna, bola ngati kuwonetsedwa kuti ndi tanthauzo", adalemba.

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Masomphenya achimwemwe omwe amatengera momwe timasangalalira, omwe amakhala ochepa komanso otengeka ndi zochitika, amatitsutsa kuti tikhale osakhutira pofunafuna chimera chosatheka. Moyo, ngakhale wa anthu omwe ali ndi mwayi kwambiri, suthawa kupweteka, kutayika, kukhumudwa, matenda, chisoni komanso kusungulumwa. Zowawa ndizosapeweka chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo.

Kuvutika kukakhala ndi cholinga kapena tikapeza tanthauzo, kumatha kupiririka. Chimwemwe ndi kuvutika sizomwe zimayenderana, koma ndi mbali ziwiri za ndalama imodzi. Mmodzi kulibe popanda inayo, chifukwa chake kuthawa mavuto sikungatibweretsere pafupi ndi chisangalalo.

Kodi mungapeze bwanji chisangalalo kudzera mu eudemony?

M'malo mokhala wosangalala, Aristotle amakonda kukambirana chilombo. Ngakhale ambiri amamasulira liwu loti "chisangalalo", ndiye lingaliro lofananira ndi kulingalira bwino.

Masomphenya a Aristotelian a eudaemony ndi ovuta chifukwa samangophatikiza zomwe zimatipatsa chisangalalo, komanso kukhutira kwa munthu aliyense, kuchita bwino, kudzipereka komanso ulemu wamakhalidwe. Mosiyana ndi chisangalalo, chisangalalo sichimachitika chifukwa cha malingaliro athu - omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhazikika - koma kukhala ndi moyo watanthauzo.

Ngati tingagwiritse ntchito lingaliroli pofunafuna chisangalalo, titha kumvetsetsa kuti chofunikira sikuti tizidzifunsa zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala osangalala, koma zomwe zimatikhutitsa, zimatilola kukula ndipo ndizofunika kwa ife. Mayankho a mafunso awa nthawi zambiri samatsogolera ku zisangalalo zakanthawi kochepa koma amangodzionetsera okha mtsogolo, ndikupatsa tanthauzo ku moyo wathu.

"Palibe moyo woyenera kukhala ndi moyo womwe uyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yomwe epicurean kapena masomphenya ogwiritsa ntchito achisangalalo, omwe otsatira ake amakono akhumudwitsidwa ndi kupanda ungwiro kwa moyo wamunthu," analemba Rutherford.

Chifukwa chake, kukula ngati munthu kudzera muzinthu zofunikira kungakhale chinsinsi cha chisangalalo, popeza ndi zomwe zimadzachitike. Kulakalaka zachipembedzo kumatilola kuvomereza kupanda ungwiro kwathu ndikukhala achimwemwe ngakhale titapeza zomwe zili zofunika kwa ife. Chimwemwe chimadza chifukwa chake. Chifukwa chake mwina sitiyenera kudzifunsa zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala osangalala, koma zomwe zili ndi tanthauzo kwa ife.

Malire:

Rutherford, N. (2021) Chifukwa chomwe kufunafuna kwathu chisangalalo kumatha kukhala kolakwika. Mu: BBC.

Hindriks, F. & Douven, I. (2016) Makina a Nozick: Kafukufuku wopatsa chidwi.
Philosophical Psychology; 
31 (2): 278-298.

Ford, BQ et. Al. (2014) Kufunafuna Chimwemwe: Kuyesa Kusangalala Kumayenderana ndi Zizindikiro ndi Kuzindikira Kukhumudwa. J Soc Clin Psychol; 33 (10): 890-905.

Mauss, IB et. Al. (2011) Kodi kufunafuna chisangalalo kungapangitse anthu kukhala osasangalala? Zododometsa zakusangalala ndi chisangalalo. Chisoni; 11 (4): 807-15.

Sevdalis, N. & Harvey, N. (2007) Kuwonetseratu kosasunthika kwakusokonekera posankha zochita. Psychological Science; 18:678-681 .

Nozick, R. (1989) Makina Othandizira. Mu: University of Colorado.

Pakhomo Kulakwitsa kwakukulu komwe timapanga tikamafuna chisangalalo idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.

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