Kudzipha ndichinthu chenicheni chomwe palibe amene amafuna kukambirana. Ndi nkhani yomwe imatipangitsa kukhala osasangalala. Komabe, ngakhale timakana kukhalapo kwake poyang'ana mbali inayo, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yopanda tanthauzo, tsiku lililonse pakati pa 8 ndi 10 anthu zikwi amayesa kudzipha okha. Mwa awa, pafupifupi 1.000 amapambana.
Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse limanena kuti kudzipha ndiko chifukwa chakhumi chakudzipha. M'malo mwake, kulankhula zodzipha ndi munthu yemwe ali pachiwopsezo chodzipha sikuwalimbikitsa kuti adziphe, m'malo mwake, ziwapangitsa kumva kuti akumvetsetsa ndipo adzadziwa kuti sali okha. Chifukwa chake, ngati munthu atumiza zikwangwani monga "Sindikufuna kukhala ndi moyo“, Kuyankhula naye zakudzipha kumachepetsa chiopsezo choti angadzipereke.
Kodi pre-suicidal syndrome ndi chiyani?
Katswiri wazamisala waku Austria Erwin Ringel adayamba kunena za matenda asanakwane kudzipha kutsatira kafukufuku yemwe adachitika mu 1949 mwa anthu 745 omwe adayesa kudzipha. Adalongosola ngati mkhalidwe wamaganizidwe omwe munthu amakhala nawo asanadziphe. Chifukwa chake, ndimakhalidwe amisala omwe amachulukitsa chiopsezo chodzipha popeza izi zimawoneka kuti zayandikira.
Kuphunzira kuizindikira ndikofunikira chifukwa kuyesa kudzipha kangapewedwe. M'malo mwake, ziwerengero zodzipha zikuwonetsa kuti pakati pa 1-2% ya anthu omwe amayesa kudzipha amapambana pochita izi chaka choyamba, pakati pa 15-30% ya anthu amabwereza zomwezi zisanachitike chaka, ndipo pafupifupi 10 -20 % amakhala obwereza kwakukulu pamakhalidwe ofuna kudzipha mpaka atakwaniritsa cholinga chawo. Kuchiritsidwa ndi malingaliro kumatha kusokoneza izi.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda asanafike podzipha ndi awa:
1. Kuchepetsa kwa malingaliro ndi maubale. Munthuyo amakumana ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu zamaganizidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito. Amira mu mkhalidwe wa anhedonia ndi kukhazikika pansi. Amakumana ndi kuchepa kwa moyo wake wamatsenga. Amachepetsanso ubale wake ndi ena ndipo amadzipatula. Potsirizira pake, amalephera kuganiza bwino ndipo amagwa pangozi yoti atengeke kwathunthu.
2. Kuletsa kupsa mtima. Munthu amene amaganiza zodzipha nthawi zambiri amadzazaza ndi kunyoza ena kapena dziko lapansi, mwina chifukwa cha zovuta zina zomwe adakumana nazo, kapena chifukwa chosowa mwayi. Koma zikhumbo zankhanza zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasinthira kwa ena zimadzipangira zokha, zomwe ndizomwe zimadzipangitsa kudzipha.
3. Zolakalaka zodzipha. Mu matenda asanakwane kudzipha pamakhala malingaliro ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi imfa yamunthu. Zowonadi, pali mtundu wazocheperako zazidziwitso momwe mumangokhala malo amalingaliro ofuna kudzipha. Zithunzi zodziwononga izi zimakula kwambiri komanso zimachitika mobwerezabwereza, mpaka munthuyo amazilandira ngati yankho lomaliza pamavuto ake.
Magawo omwe asanachitike matendawa asanadziphe
Munthu asanayese kudzipha, amadutsa magawo angapo omwe nthawi zambiri amasiyanitsidwa bwino ndi diso lophunzitsidwa:
1. Kutuluka kwa lingaliro lakudzipha
Mchigawo choyamba ichi, lingaliro lakumaliza moyo wake likuwonekera. Kudzipha kumadziwonetsera ngati mwayi wothana ndi mavuto kapena anhedonia yozama. Zimayamba kuwonedwa ngati njira yothetsera zovuta zenizeni kapena zoganiza. Ndi gawo lalifupi chifukwa lingaliro likabuka, nthawi zambiri sizitenga nthawi kuti munthuyo alilandire ngati njira ina yabwino.
2. Mikangano yodziwika bwino
Gawo lachiwiri limadziwika ndi kusamvana kwakukulu. Munthuyo amakumana ndi vuto lamkati pakati pazofuna kudziwononga komanso kufunitsitsa kupulumuka. Ganizirani zinthu monga "Sindikufunanso kukhala ndi moyo, koma ndikuopa kufa" kapena "Sindikufuna kufa, koma sindikufuna kupitiliza kukhala motere." Mchigawo chino, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chachitali, amakumana ndi zowawa zazikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri amatumiza ma alamu mobwerezabwereza osadziwika. Mwanjira ina, ndi SOS ya "I" yoyesera kupulumuka.
3. Kukhala bata
Pomaliza, chisankho chidapangidwa kale. Munthuyo amasiya kulimbana pakati pamikangano yamkatiyi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala limodzi ndi bata labwinobwino kapena "kusintha" kwamalingaliro. Pomaliza pake munthuyo amadzimva kuti wadzimasula yekha chifukwa wapanga chisankho chakupha. Pakadali pano, sanasangalale ndi chilichonse komanso adalumikizana ndi mavuto ake chifukwa adadzipereka yekha pakukonzekera kudzipha. Ndipafupifupi pomwe matenda am'mbuyomu kudzipha amapezeka.
Ndikoyenera kufotokozera kuti mu umunthu wosakhwima kapena wopupuluma, komanso m'mawu oledzera kapena kuphulika kwa psychotic, magawo awa amapezeka pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo chifukwa munthuyo amatha kuchoka pamalingaliro kuti achite zinthu mosazengereza. Zikatero, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti munthu asadziphe.
Kumbali inayi, malingaliro ofuna kudzipha omwe amabadwa ndi njira zamankhwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zokambirana zambiri asanachitepo kanthu, zomwe zimapereka mpata womvera zopempha zothandizidwa ndikuthandiza munthuyo.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti cholinga chachikulu cha munthu amene akuganiza zodzipha sikuti amwalire, koma kuti athetse ululu wawo, kupsinjika ndi kuvutika. Nthawi zina, si malingaliro abwinowa omwe amadzetsa kudzipha koma mphwayi ndi kuumitsa mtima, kudzimva wopanda kanthu mkati ndikuti palibe chomveka. Chifukwa chake, kudzipha kumawoneka ngati kumasula pomwe zina zonse sizinaperekedwe.
Chifukwa chake, mankhwala oletsa kudzipha amayang'ana kwambiri kuthetsa kumverera kotalikirana ndi munthuyo, kulimbikitsa maubale ndi anzawo kuti apange mgwirizano wolimba, wowalola kutulutsa mkwiyo wawo ndikuwathandiza kukhazikitsa zolinga zatsopano m'moyo womwe amamulola kupeza tanthauzo ndi chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo.
Malire:
Lekarski, P. (2005) Kuunika kwa chiopsezo chodzipha pamalingaliro a preuicidal syndrome, komanso mwayi womwe amapereka pakupewa kudzipha ndi chithandizo - kuwunikiranso. Przegl ndi; 62 (6): 399-402.
Mingote, JC et. Al. (2004) Kudzipha: Asistencia clínica. Guía práctica de Psiquiatría Médica. Madrid: Ediciones Díaz de Santos.
Ringel, E. (1973) Matenda asanakwane kudzipha. Fennic psychiatry; 209-211.
Pakhomo Pre-suicidal syndrome: zizindikilo zomwe zimalengeza tsoka idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
