Pali ana ochezeka kwambiri omwe amapeza mabwenzi mosavuta pomwe ena amanyazi kwambiri. Manyazi amatanthauza kulowererapo m'magulu a anthu, komwe kumawonekera kudzera m'makhalidwe osatseka komanso osamala.
Ana amanyazi amakonda kuthawa kapena kupeŵa kucheza akakumana ndi anthu osawadziwa kapena akakumana ndi zinthu zina. Ndipotu, kulepheretsa zochitika zamagulu ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zoonekeratu za manyazi aubwana. Mwana wamanyazi amayesa kukhala kutali ndipo salankhula pamaso pa anthu osawadziwa, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha mantha, nkhawa, kapena manyazi.
Manyazi paubwana si matenda, koma makolo ndi aphunzitsi kaŵirikaŵiri amawaona ngati mmene amachitira. Izi zimachokera ku chikhalidwe cha Azungu, kumene chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chisokonezo chimayamikiridwa bwino, kotero kuti ana amalimbikitsidwa kulankhulana ndi kugwirizana ndi ena. Chifukwa chake, manyazi aubwana kaŵirikaŵiri amadziŵika kukhala mkhalidwe woipa umene uyenera kuthetsedwa mwamsanga.
Koma zoona zake n’zakuti mitundu yonse ya zamoyo, zikhalidwe ndi mibadwo imasonyeza kuletsa kwina kulikonse kapena kupeŵa pamaso pa anthu osawadziwa kapena m’mikhalidwe yatsopano. Monga lamulo, tonsefe timadziletsa kwambiri tikakhala pamaso pa anthu osawadziwa komanso timamasuka ndi anthu omwe timawadziwa. Ndizomveka, chifukwa sitidziwa zomwe tingayembekezere ndipo timada nkhawa kuti tiwoneke bwino poyamba.
Kupezeka paliponse kwamanyazi kwadzutsa ziphunzitso zatsopano zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuti zitha kukhala ndi ntchito zosinthira. Nthawi zambiri, kwenikweni, manyazi si vuto kapena vuto, koma kuyankha kwachilengedwe, komveka komanso koyenera kwa anthu osamala kwambiri, osadziwika bwino komanso / kapena amantha.
Kutha kuzindikira zowopsa
Akatswiri azamaganizidwe a Pennsylvania State University anapeza kuti ana amanyazi akhoza kukhala okonzeka bwino kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira zoopsa za chikhalidwe cha anthu m'malo awo kusiyana ndi ana omwe sali.
Ana amanyazi akakumana ndi vuto linalake, amaona ngati chinthu chochititsa mantha, choncho akhoza kuyambitsa njira monga kusamala zakutali zomwe zimawathandiza kuti aphunzire zambiri za momwe zinthu zilili pamene akukhala otetezeka. Ndipotu, ubongo wa ana amanyazi wasonyezedwa kuti umachita mosiyana ndi zochitika zamagulu.
Popeza kuti ana amanyazi amakonda “kuwerengera asanadumphe,” amatha kuzindikira zoopsa zimene zingawachititse kukhala tcheru akamacheza. Mwachitsanzo, mwana wamanyazi angazindikire mosavuta mbiri ya mnzake wa m’kalasi wopondereza kapena wachikulire amene akufuna kumuvulaza chifukwa chakuti ali ndi malire ocheperako ozindikira ziwopsezo. Choncho, manyazi aubwana angamuteteze ku ngozi zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo, komanso kupeŵa mikangano pakati pa anthu.
Manyazi a ubwana amawonjezera chifundo
Akatswiri a zamaganizo a Lewis ndi Clark College anapeza phindu lina la manyazi aubwana. Iwo anawona kuti kusatalikirana ndi mikhalidwe yatsopano kukhoza kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha ana.
Ochita kafukufukuwa amawerengera anawo nkhani zaubwana ndikuwafunsa kuti afotokoze chifukwa chake anthu amtunduwu adachita zinthu zina kapena kupanga zosankha. Chotero iwo anapenda chiphunzitso cha maganizo, mbali ya kuzindikira kwa anthu imene imaphatikizapo kulingalira malingaliro a munthu wina.
Iwo adapeza kuti ana amanyazi amapereka mafotokozedwe ovuta kwambiri okhudza nkhanizo, akumakhoza kudziyika okha mu nsapato za otchulidwa. Kutalikirana ndi inu mwa kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kumvetsera zomwe zikuchitika kungathandize ana amanyazi kuphunzira ndi kumvetsetsa bwino momwe mikhalidwe yochezerana imakhalira, zomwe zingathandize kukulitsa chifundo.
Kodi makolo ndi aphunzitsi ayenera kudziwa chiyani pa nkhani ya manyazi aubwana?
Manyazi paubwana sikutanthauza kudzudzula moyo wodzipatula. Sikuti onse amanyazi ali ofanana ndipo si onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo chodwala matenda amisala.
Mwachidziwitso, manyazi aubwana ndi owopsa pokhapokha atasokoneza moyo wa mwanayo, kumulepheretsa kuchita zinthu za msinkhu wake, kusokoneza ubale wake ndi anzake komanso / kapena kuwononga maphunziro ake. Zikatero, m'pofunika kupempha thandizo lapadera.
Komabe, n’zosakayikitsa kuti ana akamamvetsa bwino mmene anthu amachitira zinthu, amakulitsa luso la anthu amene angawathandize kupanga ndi kusunga mabwenzi, komanso kuti azitha kuphatikizika bwino m’mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Nthaŵi zambiri, manyazi aubwana amaonedwa bwino monga khalidwe la umunthu m'malo momangokhalira kudwala matenda.
Zoonadi, m'magulu omwe ali m'magulu omwe kusungidwa kwa mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano wa anthu kumayamikiridwa bwino, kusamalitsa, chisamaliro ndi kusamala kwa ana amanyazi kumawonedwa ngati zizindikiro za kukula kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mwachitsanzo, m’chitaganya cha Chitchaina, makolo amakonda kutanthauzira khalidwe lamanyazi monga chizindikiro cha kumvera ndi ulemu.
Ngati makolo ndi aphunzitsi akufuna kuchitapo kanthu kuti moyo wawo ukhale wosavuta kwa ana amanyazi, m’malo mowakakamiza kuchotsa manyazi, ayenera kungowathandiza kukhala ndi luso lotha kuthetsa mikangano. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ku Shanghai Normal University anapeza kuti luso limeneli limachepetsa mavuto a chikhalidwe, maganizo ndi maphunziro omwe ana amanyazi angakhale nawo.
Ngakhale kuti ana amanyazi amakonda kukhala oda nkhawa komanso osamala akamacheza, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolimbikitsa komanso zolimbana ndi mikangano kumapangitsa kuti aziwoneka bwino ndi anzawo komanso aphunzitsi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuwoneka ngati okonda komanso amakhalidwe abwino.
Malire:
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Chen, X. & French, DC (2008) Kukwanitsa kwa ana pa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. Annu. Rev. Psychol; 59; 591-616.
Pakhomo Manyazi paubwana amatha kusintha: Ubwino wa 2 wa ana amanyazi idasindikizidwa koyamba mu Pakona ya Psychology.
