Nco ntsoov thaum koj tseem yog menyuam yaus thiab koj tau siv pleev xim rau hauv cov kab? Nco ntsoov qhov kev ntxhov siab uas koj xav tau thaum cov hlab ntsha tawg tawm ntawm cov npoo ntawm qhov tsim?
Txij thaum pib peb tuaj ntsib nrog qhov yuam kev thiab ntsib cov kev xav tsis zoo uas nws ua rau. Tom qab ntawd, thaum peb pib mus kawm ntawv, qhov ua yuam kev yuav muaj ntau dua. Peb phau ntawv sau muaj cov kab liab uas qhia tias peb tau ua yuam kev. Lawv qhia peb tias peb cov lus teb tsis yog qhov peb xav tau thiab peb yuav tsum hloov nws.
Ua li no peb txhim kho tus cwj pwm tsis zoo ntawm kev ua yuam kev, mus rau qhov xav kom txwv tsis pub nws ntawm peb lub neej. Peb tsis nco qab tias thiaj li kawm taug kev peb yuav tsum tau poob ntau zaus. Ua ntej peb kawm yuav ua li cas noj kom zoo, peb tau nkim zaub mov ntau zaus. Peb tsom ntsoov rau qhov ua yuam kev xwb, tsis nco qab tias cov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau peb txoj kev hloov pauv. Los ntawm cov kev paub dhau los no, lub tswv yim hais tias kev ua yuam kev yog qhov phem, ib yam dab tsi yuav tsum zam ntawm txhua tus nqi, tau ntes hluav taws hauv peb.
Hloov chaw, peb tsuas yog yuav tsum kawm yuav ua li cas ua yuam kev, tsum tsis txhob rau txim rau peb tus kheej rau qhov ua yuam kev yav dhau los thiab qhib qhov rooj rau qhov muaj peev xwm ua tsis tiav.
Yuam kev ua ib qhov chaw ntawm surprises thiab discoveries
Xyoo 1968, Spencer Silver, tus kws tshawb fawb 3M Maplewood, tau ua haujlwm los tsim cov nplaum nplaum zoo heev rau kev lag luam aerospace. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau tsim cov khoom tshiab uas yog lub teeb heev uas nws tev tawm yooj yim yam tsis muaj qhov seem seem ntawm qhov chaw.
Dab tsi yog qhov yuam kev thaum pib, tsib xyoos tom qab ntawd los ua cov kua nplaum uas lub tuam txhab yuav siv los tsim qhov uas tau hu ua Nias n'Peel tiam sis tom qab ntawd peb sawv daws yuav paub nws li tswg nws, ib qho chaw nyob hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb.
Qhov tseeb, ntau qhov kev tsim kho nto moo yog vim "ua yuam kev". Surprise, ob qho tib si rau qhov zoo thiab qhov phem, yog qhov ua yuam kev. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov yuam kev tsuas yog kev sib txawv ntawm qhov kev xav tau, lossis vim nws mus tawm tsam peb cov kev cia siab lossis cov neeg hauv zej zog.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawd, qhov yuam kev thab peb vim nws qhia txog qhov kev xav tsis thoob rau hauv qhov sib npaug thiab qhib qhov rooj rau qhov tsis paub tseeb. Nws ceeb toom peb tias peb tau deviated los ntawm txoj kev cim thiab, yog li ntawd, peb tsis tau mus txog qhov "txoj cai" point.
Nws tsis yog coincidence, qhov tseeb, lo lus yuam kev derived los ntawm Latin "errare", uas kuj txhais tau tias wandering thiab mus aimlessly. Nws kuj muaj feem xyuam rau lub hauv paus "ers", uas txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab. Yog li ntawd, nws etymology heev qhia tias kev ua yuam kev yog ib feem ntawm evolution. Kev ua yuam kev yog ib feem ntawm kev taug kev. Zam lawv rau txim rau peb kom tsis muaj zog. Tsuas yog cov uas tsis ua dab tsi tsis tuaj yeem ua yuam kev, cov uas tsis sim, cov uas tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo, cov uas tsis kam mus ntxiv thiab twv lawv cov kev txwv. Rau qhov no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kawm kom ua yuam kev thiab txawm qhib qhov chaw rau kev ua yuam kev hauv peb lub neej.
Yuam kev raws li lub cav ntawm kev kawm
Peb lub hlwb niaj hnub ua kev twv ua ntej txog qhov yuav muaj qee yam tshwm sim txhawm rau txhawm rau kwv yees cov teeb meem. Obviously nws yuav sim txo qhov tsis paub meej thiab xav tsis thoob, kom tsis txhob muaj qhov xav tau ntau ntxiv uas ua rau peb ntsib qhov kev npaj txhij txog.
Ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim hauv qab theem ntawm kev nco qab, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb neuroscientists Northwestern University. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ntawd ua rau peb muaj kev ntseeg siab. Ntawm qhov tod tes, thaum muaj kev npaj txhij txog tshwm sim thiab peb ua tsis ncaj ncees lawm, peb lub hlwb raug yuam kom rov xam qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tseeb thiab nws qhov kev kwv yees los kwv yees cov npoo ntawm qhov yuam kev.
Txij li thaum nws koom nrog kev txawj ntse ntau dua, thiab qee zaum kuj muaj kev ntxhov siab vim qhov tsis zoo halo uas qhov kev ua yuam kev tau npog, peb thawj qhov kev xav yog kom tshem tawm qhov kev paub dhau los. Tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev ua yuam kev uas qhov kev kawm yuav tshwm sim. Hauv cov npoo ntawd peb hloov kho peb cov kev kwv yees, lees paub qhov tseeb thiab hloov peb cov phiaj xwm kom ua tau zoo dua lossis hloov kho kom zoo dua.
Kev ua yuam kev npaj lub hlwb los kawm hauv qhov tshwj xeeb thiab muaj zog. Yog li ntawd, thaum peb ua yuam kev, tsis txhob sim txav mus sai, peb yuav tsum nkag siab tias peb tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb los hloov kho peb lub ntiaj teb kev xav, rov kho peb txoj kev ntseeg lossis hloov peb tus cwj pwm.
Kev muaj peev xwm pom qhov yuam kev raws li txoj hauv kev kawm yog tus yuam sij rau kev loj hlob lub siab. Tus neeg uas muaj kev xav loj hlob yuav pom lawv tus kheej li ib "Ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm", uas txhais tau hais tias kev ua yuam kev tsis ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tus kheej. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, lawv tsis ua yeeb ncuab thiab ua phooj ywg.
Tau kawg, kev kawm yuav ua li cas yuam kev yuav siv zog ua haujlwm. Peb yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov ua yuam kev thiab nrhiav seb yuav kho nws li cas. Thiab txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb yuav tsum xyaum lees paub tus kheej los ntawm kev nkag siab qhov yuam kev ua ib qho xwm txheej, tsis yog tus kheej mus tas li. Yog tias peb yuam kev ib yam dab tsi, nws tsis txhais hais tias peb yog "ua tsis tiav".
Nws yog qhov nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias thaum peb qhib qhov rooj rau qhov kev ua yuam kev, txoj hauv kev ntawm kev ua yuam kev yuav txo qis vim tias los ntawm kev ua chaw rau entropy peb qhib peb tus kheej rau txhua qhov ua tau, uas nthuav dav lub qab ntug ntawm cov txiaj ntsig.
Tau kawg, nws tsis yog hais txog kev ntsib lub neej los ntawm kev ua yuam kev ntawm lub hom phiaj, tab sis hais txog kev ua chaw rau qhov kev npaj txhij txog thiab qhib qhov rooj rau qhov tsis paub tseeb. Ua siab tawv dua, txawm tias txhais tau tias ua yuam kev. Hauv luv luv, nws yog ib lo lus nug ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov duab kos thiab ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nrog peb tus kheej thaum, los ntawm kev yuam kev, peb txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm cov npoo. Vim tias qhov yuam kev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem ua tau tej yam yees siv.
Qhov chaw:
Vilares, I. et al. Al. (2012) Qhov txawv txav ntawm qhov ua ntej thiab qhov zoo li qhov tsis paub tseeb hauv tib neeg lub hlwb. Tam sim no Biology; 22 (18): 1641-1648.
Green, P. (2007) Post-it: The All-purpose Note That Stuck. Hauv: Lub New York Times.
Tus nkag Kev kawm txuj ci kev ua yuam kev los puag qhov yuam kev hauv peb lub neej thawj zaug luam tawm nws Kaum rau ntawm lub siab ntsws.
