Al'ummar zamani, tare da dukkan bukatu, alkawurra, hauka da ayyukanta, ta zama fagen bunkasar matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa daban-daban. Barkewar cutar ta kara dagula lamarin.
Rashin kadaici da ya yi mulki yayin kulle-kullen, tsoron kamuwa da cuta, wahala ga wadanda suka mutu, rashin tabbas na tattalin arziki, tsangwama a cikin al'amuran yau da kullun da nauyin Covid na ci gaba ya haifar da rikice-rikicen hankali zuwa matakan da ba a taɓa gani ba.
Kwanan nan, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi kira ga kasashe daban-daban da su dauki matakan inganta kulawa da kuma samun damar gudanar da ayyukan jin kai, ta fuskar abin da ta dauka a matsayin annoba ta tabin hankali. Yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa a Italiya bai bambanta sosai ba. Bacin rai ya karu.
Ƙungiyoyin kimiyya goma na Italiya sun riga sun yi ƙararrawa, suna nuna cewa ba kawai wani sanannen tabarbarewar lafiyar kwakwalwa ba ne, amma kuma ƙasar tana da matsaloli wajen tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin sabis. Matsalar ita ce, idan sabis na tabin hankali da na tunani ba su isa ba, ba zai yuwu ba a aiwatar da matakin da wuri wanda ke hana mutane taɓa ƙasa cikin motsin rai.
Lafiyar kwakwalwa a Italiya ta tabarbare
A cewar Fihirisar Lafiya Jiki a Turai, Italiya ita ce kasa ta biyu da cutar ta fi shafa a matakin tunani ta hanyar barkewar cutar, Ingila ce kawai ta zarce. A lokacin tsare, 88,6% na yawan jama'a sun ba da rahoton alamun damuwa.
Mutane da yawa sun yi nasarar murmurewa, amma bala'in cutar ta haifar da sabbin cututtuka na tunani ko kuma tabarbarewar da suka rigaya sun kasance: alal misali, binciken da Istituto Superiore di Sanità ya yi jim kaɗan kafin da kuma bayan kulle-kullen ya nuna cewa. Yawan bayyanar cututtuka na damuwa ya karu da 5,3%, wanda ya shafi kusan 4 daga 10 Italiyanci.
Rashin tsaro game da nan gaba, damuwa na kudi, tsoro da damuwa na iya sa mutane masu rauni suyi tunanin kashe kansa. Bayanai na farko daga ma'aikatar lafiya sun nuna cewa mutane 2020 ne suka kashe kansu a Italiya a shekarar 20.919, karuwar da kashi 3,7% idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar da ta gabata.
Gabaɗaya, an kiyasta lamuran da aka gano tare da damuwa, damuwa da sauran rikice-rikicen tunani sun karu da kashi 30% tun bayan barkewar cutar. A cikin 2021 Italiya ita ce ƙasa ta bakwai a cikin Tarayyar Turai don yaduwar tabin hankali.
Duk da haka, ya kamata a fayyace cewa tabarbarewar lafiyar kwakwalwa ba koyaushe yana haifar da rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa irin wannan ba. Wani lokaci yana bayyana kansa ta hanyoyi masu banƙyama. Alal misali, mutane da yawa sun furta cewa sun fi jin "ƙasa" a wurin aiki. 28% suna da wahalar maida hankali, 20% sun yarda cewa yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don kammala aikinsu, kuma 15% suna ba da rahoton matsalolin tunani, tunani ko yanke shawara.
Abin takaici, yara da matasa ne abin ya fi shafa. Barkewar cutar ta kara girman raunin su, tare da iyakance irin wannan muhimmin aiki a waɗannan shekarun: zamantakewa. Yanzu da alamun ya ƙare, waɗannan matsalolin sun fara fitowa fili, don haka lokaci ya yi da za a haɗa ɓawon burodi tare.
Wani bincike da hukumar bada garantin kula da yara da samartaka da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa (ISS) suka yi ya nuna cewa akwai "ainihin 'bacin rai na lafiyar hankali' saboda ci gaba da karuwar buƙatun daga ƙananan yara a wannan yanki. A gaskiya ma, ƙwararru sun ba da rahoton ƙarar cututtukan da aka riga aka gano da kuma fara sabon cuta a cikin batutuwa masu rauni ".
Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Hankali a Italiya ta kuma tabbatar da wani abin damuwa: haɓaka tashin hankali. Binciken sauye-sauye na tunani da ke ci gaba a cikin mutanen da suka yi nasara a kan Covid ya nuna cewa tashin hankali, tashin hankali da bacin rai sun zama ruwan dare bayan kamuwa da cuta.
Babu shakka sauyi ne na mutum-mutumi wanda ke shafar matakin zamantakewa, don haka "Bayanan farko sun nuna cewa zalunci a wajen gida da kuma cikin iyali yana girma sosai". Sakamakon haka, cutar za ta iya ba mu gadon al'umma mafi yawan tashin hankali da ke da girman kai hari.
Ƙarin damuwa ga lafiyar hankali a Italiya, amma ƙananan ayyuka
Wani bincike da Ipsos ya gudanar ya nuna cewa kashi 54% na 'yan Italiya sun fahimci tabarbarewar lafiyar kwakwalwarsu sakamakon cutar. Labari mai dadi shine cewa tunanin lafiyar kwakwalwa yana canzawa, yana zubar da tsohuwar ra'ayi.
A matsakaici, 79% na Italiyanci suna ba da mahimmanci daidai ga lafiyar jiki da tunanin su. Bugu da ƙari kuma, 51% sun yarda cewa sau da yawa suna tunani game da jin daɗin tunanin su. Halin damuwa game da lafiyar hankali shine mafi girma a tsakanin matasa 'yan kasa da shekaru 35, yayin da wadanda suka wuce 50 sukan damu da rashin damuwa game da ma'auni na tunanin su.
Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci mahimmancin lafiyar kwakwalwa da kuma kuɓutar da shi daga kowane irin rashin kunya ta yadda mutane za su iya neman taimako kafin matsaloli su yi muni. Amma kuma wajibi ne a sami ingantattun ayyukan tallafi.
An gano cewa, yayin da matsalolin tunanin mutum ke karuwa, ayyukan kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa suna raguwa, wadanda ba su kasance ainihin fifiko ba kafin cutar. A Italiya akwai masana ilimin halayyar dan adam 3,3 kawai ga kowane mazaunan 100.000, adadi mai damuwa wanda a zahiri ke ɓoye dusar ƙanƙara na ƙarancin ƙarfi da bacin rai.
A Turai, ƙasashe masu samun kudin shiga irin na Italiya suna da kusan masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam 10 ga kowane mazaunan 100.000 a cikin hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a. Wannan yana nufin cewa suna saka hannun jari a kusan sau uku fiye da Italiya a ayyukan kula da lafiyar kwakwalwar jama'a.
Daidai, Italiya tana ware kashi 3,5% na kashe kuɗin lafiya ga lafiyar hankali, idan aka kwatanta da 12% na matsakaicin Turai. A zahiri, 20% na Italiyanci sun fahimci cewa suna da wahalar samun sabis na lafiyar kwakwalwar jama'a.
Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru: Babu lafiya ba tare da lafiyar hankali ba
Il ilimin psychologist bonus yana da "Gudunmawa don tallafawa halin kaka na zaman psychotherapy", asusu don taimakon tunani da aka bayar ta Dokar Taimako bis. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta nuna cewa yana nufin "Tallafa farashin taimakon tunani na waɗanda, a cikin mawuyacin lokacin bala'i da rikicin tattalin arziƙin da ke da alaƙa, sun ga karuwar yanayin baƙin ciki, damuwa, damuwa da raunin tunani".
Duk da yake babu shakka rashin isasshen ma'auni don karewa da kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa a babban sikelin, yana iya aƙalla taimakawa rage tasirin tunani da cutar ta bar a baya. Ana iya ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen ta hanyar lantarki daga 25 Yuli zuwa 24 Oktoba 2022, akan gidan yanar gizon INPS.
An yi nufin wannan taimakon ga mutanen da ke da Isee ba su wuce Yuro dubu 50 ba, koda kuwa yana ba da nau'ikan taimako da yawa:
1. Tare da Isee ƙasa da Yuro dubu 15, matsakaicin adadin fa'idar shine Yuro 600 ga kowane mai cin gajiyar.
2. Tare da Isee tsakanin Yuro dubu 15 zuwa 30, matsakaicin adadin da aka kafa shine Yuro 400 ga kowane mai cin gajiyar.
3. Tare da Isee sama da dubu 30 kuma bai wuce Yuro dubu 50 ba, adadin fa'idar daidai yake da Yuro 200 ga kowane mai cin gajiyar.
Don aikin, INPS za ta zana matsayi wanda zai yi la'akari da ISEE amma kuma tsarin isowar buƙatun. Idan an gane haƙƙin ƙwararrun masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ana iya kashe gudummawar don adadin har zuwa Yuro 50 ga kowane zaman psychotherapy, kuma ana biya har zuwa matsakaicin adadin da aka sanya.
Mai cin gajiyar zai sami lambar alaƙa ta musamman, da za a isar da shi ga ƙwararrun inda ake gudanar da zaman lafiyar hankali. Dole ne a yi amfani da adadin a cikin iyakar kwanaki 180 daga karɓar aikace-aikacen, bayan wannan lokacin ƙarshe za a soke lambar.
A ƙarshe, yana da mahimmanci a fayyace cewa dole ne a yi rajistar masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ke kula da zaman a cikin Rajista na Masana ilimin halin dan Adam. Don haka, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa kai ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ne. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da kyautar likitan ilimin halin ɗan adam a cikin zaman ilimin halin ɗan adam na kan layi, misali ta hanyar Unobravo sabis na ilimin halin dan adam na kan layi.
Kafofin:
Petrella, F. (2022, Janairu) Lafiyar tunanin mutum: ra'ayoyi da fahimta game da mahimmancin da aka danganta ga jin daɗin jiki da tunani. In: Ips.
Daniela Bianco et.al. (2021), Headway 2023 Rahoton Kiwon Lafiyar Hankali. A cikin: Gidan Turai Ambrosetti.
(2022), Cutar Kwayar cuta, Ci gaban Neuro da lafiyar hankali na yara da matasa. A cikin: Epicenter, Babban Cibiyar Lafiya.
Emanuela Medda et.al. (Fabrairu 2022), Covid-19 a Italiya: Alamun damuwa kai tsaye kafin da kuma bayan kullewar farko. A: National Library of Medicine.
Elisa Manacorda (Maris 2021), Covid: kashe kansa a kan haɓaka, ana nazarin haɗin gwiwa tare da cutar ba a bayyana ba. A: Jamhuriyar.
(2022 Yuni), WHO faɗakarwa ga "desatención" na trastornos mentales a nivel mundial. A cikin: Redacción Médica.
(Afrilu 2022), Covid-19, lafiyar hankali da halayen cin abinci: aikin #SANNAN tare. A cikin: Epicenter Istituto Superiore di Sanità.
Stefania Penzo (Mayu 2022), Lafiyar hankali, a Italiya kawai masana ilimin halayyar dan adam 3 ga kowane mazaunan dubu dari. A cikin: Lifegate.
Nicola Barone (Mayu 2022), Lafiyar hankali, tare da Covid + 30% na lokuta amma ƙarancin likitoci dubu. Abin da masu ilimin hauka ke tambaya. A cikin: Sole24ore.
(Agusta 2022), Covid: Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Hankali, 'mafi yawan tashin hankali a cikin al'umma bayan barkewar cutar'.
Entranceofar Lafiyar tunani a Italiya: ina muke? aka fara bugawa a cikin Kusurwa na Ilimin halin dan Adam.
