Ananan abubuwan takaici na yau da kullun, irin su fushi, cizon yatsa, da raini ga ƙananan abubuwa, na iya shafar lafiyarmu da lafiyarmu ta jiki fiye da manyan matsalolin rayuwa, binciken da Jami'ar Houston ta samu. Matsalar ita ce waɗannan ƙananan takaici suna haɓaka har sai sun gamsar da mu kuma sun ɓata daidaituwar hankalinmu. Gaba daya mun shagala. Hakanan yana faruwa tare da microaggressions a rayuwar yau da kullun.
Menene microaggressions?
Hari yana da lahani, yawanci ganganci, hali akan wani don cutar da su. Gano hare-hare na jiki abu ne mai sauki, gano hare-hare na hauka ya fi rikitarwa saboda suna ɓoye a bayan wasu halayyar dabara, halaye ko kalmomi.
Tsanani game da rikice-rikice, a ma'anarsa, ƙananan ne, kusan ayyukan rashin sani da muke yi kowace rana kuma waɗanda ba mu ba da mahimmancin gaske, amma aiki na yau da kullun yana haifar da mummunan tasiri ga mutumin da aka kai wa hari.
Suna nuna kansu ta hanyar ayyukan ɓatanci ko tsokaci - waɗanda galibi karɓaɓɓu ne a cikin jama'a - amma wanda ke inganta ƙyama ko haifar da ƙyama game da mutum. 'Yan wariyar launin fata, masu nuna wariyar launin fata da ra'ayoyin' yan aji misalai ne na zalunci a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, amma akwai wasu da yawa.
Kada ku zauna kusa da wani a cikin jirgin karkashin kasa saboda kamannin su, katse mata fiye da maza yayin da suke magana suna tunanin ba su da wani abin da za su ce, kuyi tunanin cewa wani ya fi kaifin basira saboda suna da wata kabila daban da ta mu, ku yi imanin cewa wane ne zuwa ga zamantakewar zamantakewar zamantakewar al'umma shine aji na biyu, wasu misalai ne na microaggressions a rayuwar yau da kullun.
Daga kai tsaye kai tsaye zuwa ɓoye laifi, nau'ikan microaggressions
Akwai nau'ikan rikice-rikice iri biyu, a cewar Derald Wing Sue, masanin ilimin halayyar dan Adam na Jami'ar Columbia wanda aka haifa a Amurka, amma asalinsa na Asiya, wanda ya sha waɗannan ƙananan zagi da laifuka kai tsaye:
• Buɗe microaggressions. Hare-hare ne kai tsaye, kalmomi ko ayyuka waɗanda aka yi niyya don cutar da ɗayan da gangan ko cutar da shi.
• agoye microaggressions. Waɗannan rikice-rikice ne masu kama da juna. Duk wanda ya aikata su ba ya ganin wata mummunar manufa a tare da su saboda suna fama da ra'ayoyi da nuna wariya wadanda suke karfafa su ta hanyar wadannan hare-hare.
Matsalar microaggressions ita ce, ba kamar maganganun ƙiyayya ba, suna da matukar wahalar ganowa saboda sun dogara ne da wariyar launin fata tsakanin jama'a. Lokuta da yawa basa bayyana da baki, amma suna iya zama ƙananan, ayyuka marasa kyau. Wasu lokuta ma suna iya ɓoyewa bayan yabo.
Halin da ke tattare da rikice-rikice ba ya rage tasirinsu na tasiri ga waɗanda ke wahala daga gare su, sai dai ma ya sanya su zama masu cutarwa saboda sun fi wahalar yaƙi da kawar da su. Ta wannan hanyar, ta'addancin rikice-rikice suna maimaituwa kuma ya zama gama gari a kowace rana ta yadda ba za mu iya fahimtar ainihin lalacewar da suke haifarwa ga waɗanda aka cutar ba.
Me yasa kananan hare-hare suke cutarwa?
Akwai wadanda ke tunanin cewa ta'addancin ba duk cutarwa ba ne. Suna tunanin cewa matsalar ba "mahaukaciya ba ce" amma cewa "wanda aka cutar" yana da matukar damuwa ko kuma ɗaukar abubuwa da mahimmanci. Koyaya, ya zama dole ku sanya kanku a wurin wanda ke fama da waɗannan ƙananan tashin hankali a kullun.
Sue, alal misali, ya ce sau da yawa, bayan sun ba da darasi, ɗalibai suna zuwa wurinsa kuma ba kawai suna taya shi murnar abin da darasin ya ƙunsa ba, har ma da Ingilishi cikakke. Ire-iren wadannan maganganun, wadanda ake maimaita su a lokuta da dama, na sanya shi jin bako a kasar sa ta haihuwa.
Wasu jerin gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar a jami’ar Princeton sun bayyana cewa lokacin da mutum ya sha wahala a cikin hirar da aka yi da shi a wajen aiki, za su kara yin kuskure, wanda hakan ya zama wani annabci mai cika kansa, wanda ke iyakance damar da suke da shi na samun matsayin.
Matsalar micro-tsokanar zalunci ita ce suna farawa da ƙirƙirar ƙwallon dusar ƙanƙara wanda sannu a hankali ya zama kankara. Sharhi mara dabara, karamin ishara, karamin aiki, ya zama wani abu mafi girma wanda zai kawowa mutum jin daban, baƙo ko ma ƙasa da shi. Sabili da haka, microaggressions ya ƙare da haifar da raunuka marasa ganuwa waɗanda ke shafar girman kai, lafiyar hankali da haɗakar mutanen da ba su cika wasu ƙa'idodin zamantakewar jama'a ba.
Tabbas, ba sabon abu bane ga mutumin da yake fuskantar tsarguwar zalunci a hankali don ƙarewa da wuce gona da iri kuma bai dace da magana mai sauƙi ko wargi ba a cikin dandano mara kyau. A zahiri, wannan mutumin baya mayar da martani ga wannan ƙaramar zagin ba amma ga duk shekarun ƙaramar zagin da ya sha. Wannan sharhi shine kawai bambaro wanda ya karya bayan raƙumi.
Yadda ake yaƙar zalunci?
Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa ƙarfafan ra'ayoyi suna ƙarfafuwa ta hanyar microaggressions kuma ana maimaita su - wani lokacin a sume - a cikin hulɗar zamantakewar. Microaggression yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi, duka a kan tunanin wanda aka azabtar da kuma kan tunanin zamantakewar. Saboda haka, yana taimaka wajan karfafa son zuciya da tozarta wasu kungiyoyi. Wannan yana nufin cewa bai kamata ya sami wuri a cikin dangantakarmu da mutane ba.
Idan muka sha wahala da waɗannan ƙananan maganganun, za mu iya amsawa ta hanyar tsoma baki. A takaice dai, yin wani abu da zai kwance damarar yaki da tarbiyantar da wadanda suka aikata hakan.
Idan wani ya gaya mana wani abu mara kyau, yana da mahimmanci kar a sami kariya. Yana da mahimmanci farawa da gaskiyar cewa babu wanda ke da kariya daga wariyar launin fata, jima'i ko nuna bambancin jinsi. Mu ma ba mu yi ba.
Wannan yana nufin cewa ba lallai ba ne a yi fushi da wannan mutumin, amma don ilimantarwa da nuna waɗannan wariyar ta hanyar girmamawa. Saboda haka, dole ne mu ɗaura wa kanmu haƙuri kuma mu tambaye shi ainihin abin da yake nufi. Zamu iya amfani da wannan lokacin don jaddada cewa kalmominsa suna ɓoye nuna bambanci wanda zai iya cutar da mutane.
A kowane hali, dole ne mu sani cewa abu ɗaya shine abin da muke tunanin mun yi imani da shi kuma wani abin da muke gaskatawa da gaske. Gano irin munanan halayen da muke amfani dasu yayin da muke hulɗa da wasu zai sa mu zama masu sauƙin kai da buɗe ido. Lallai, kawar da microaggression ba kawai zai hana mu cutar da wasu ba, amma kuma yana da amfani a gare mu domin zai bamu damar mu'amala ba tare da wani tunani ba, wanda hakan zai fadada yadda muke kallon duniya.
Kafofin:
Ortiz, A. & Tejada, N. (2017) Campaña de Mercadeo Social "Transforma la Norma: Microagresiones-Macroimpactos" Proyecto Integrador. Trabajo de Titulación: Universidad San Francisco de Quito.
Sue, DW (2013) Rashin ƙarfi na kabilanci da walwala ta yau da kullun tsakanin Amurkawa Asiya. Jaridar Psychology na Ba da Shawara; 60 (2): 188-199.
Dovidio, JF et. Al. (2002) Bambanci bayyananne da ma'amala tsakanin kabilu. Jaridar Mutum da Ilimin Halayyar Jama'a; 82 (1): 62-68.
DeLongis, A. et. Al. (1982) Dangantakar matsalolin yau da kullun, daukakawa, da manyan al'amuran rayuwa zuwa matsayin lafiya. Ilimin halin dan adam; 1 (2): 119-136.
Kalma, C. et. Al. (1974) Matsakaicin sasantawa na annabce-annabce masu cika kai a cikin hulɗar tsakanin kabilu. Jaridar gwaji ta ilimin halin dan Adam; 10 (2): 109-120.
Entranceofar Devastarfin ikon ƙananan zalunci a rayuwar yau da kullun aka fara bugawa a cikin Kusurwa na Ilimin halin dan Adam.
